Unit 6- Chapter 2

Question 1

American family avg use of water daily?

Answer 1

1,300 litres

Question 2

African family avg water use daily?

Answer 2

22 litres

Question 3

What is water abstraction?

Answer 3

-Taking water from natural sources
-Expensive

Question 4

Why do some poorer countries use more water than HIC’s?

Answer 4

-More available
-Pakistan, rivers from Himalayan mountains (MIC)

use more than Uk

Question 5

Where is worst water insecurity?

Answer 5

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 6

Who collect water in Africa?

Answer 6

-90% done by women or children

Question 7

How could girls attendance to school increase?

Answer 7

-Having closer water source

Question 8

Sub-Saharan Africa Urban vs Rural access to water?

Answer 8

Urban = 2x

Question 9

Where do informal urban settlers source water?

Answer 9

-Street vendors
-Not enough money to dig a borehole

Question 10

How much do women work more than men?

Answer 10

-16 hours total (growing season)
-3 hours more (Mali +Burkina Faso)

world bank reports

Question 11

Avg water for drinking daily?

Answer 11

2-4 litres

Question 12

How much water use in a 5 min shower?

Answer 12

40 litres

Question 13

How do we use more water than we think daily?

Answer 13

-Embedded water
-Food, clothing

Question 14

How much embedded water daily?

Answer 14

2,000-5,000 daily

water footprint

Question 15

How many litres in a t-shirt + jeans

Answer 15

2,000 litres

Question 16

How many litres in 1kg of beef

Answer 16

13,500

Question 17

How much water used to grow food globally?

Answer 17

-70%

Question 18

How much water used to supply industry globally?

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

How much water used to domestically globally?

Answer 19

10%

Question 20

How much more food needs to be produced by 2050?

food security

Answer 20

• 60% more

Question 21

How water abstracted in more high pressure areas?

Answer 21

-Drip irrigation (reduces evaporation)
-Ground or resevoirs

Question 22

How to maintain water security?

Answer 22

-Conserve wetlands/natural water suppliers
-Transfer water from one country to another

Question 23

South African population acess to fresh piped water?

Answer 23

91%

Question 24

How many South Africans do not have access to fresh clean water?

Answer 24

4 million

Question 25

Which parts of South Africa recieve more water?

Answer 25

-Eastern south Africa highlands -Lesotho landlocked country (1,200mm rain annually)

Question 26

Why eastern South Africa more water?

Answer 26

-Moist air from Indian Ocean -Trapped by highlands + condense and rain

Question 27

How high rainfall in Lesetho helping?

Answer 27

- Resevoirs in Lesetho have pipes to to River Vaal -Johannesburg in Guteng

Question 28

Largest scale water transfer scheme in Africa?

Answer 28

The Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP)

Question 29

How much water of **Lesetho's** water transfered to **Vaal River** system?

Answer 29

40%

Question 30

How much water does LHWP transfer to south Africa per second?

Answer 30

-24.6m^3

Question 31

What dams have been built? | LHWP

Answer 31

-Katse -Mohale -Polihali Dam

Question 32

How much energy do dams make for Lesetho? | LHWP

Answer 32

-1,000 MW of electricity

Question 33

Advantages of LHWP?

Answer 33

-Provides 75% Lesotho income (very poor, little natural resources) -Provides 1,000 MW of energy

Question 34

Disadvantages of LHWP?

Answer 34

-Costing over $2 billion -Loan from EU, African developement bank and US -Deplaced 20,000 people for a dam to be built

Question 35

How many dams does south africa have?

Answer 35

- 540 dams

Question 36

Who teaches south african farmers how to conserve water?

Answer 36

Ma Tshepo Khumbane

Question 37

Ma Tshepo Khumbane management of water techniques?

Answer 37

-**Trench** (Catches surface runoff) -**Network of channels** (Water moves along slowly -**Hole in bund** (Collect excess water) -**Vegitable beds with organic matter**(retains water) -**Beds edged with stone** (prevent erosion) -**Plant fruit trees** (collect water) -**Pump greywater to plants**

Question 38

Types of waste water?

Answer 38

-Greywater (showering, laundry) -Blackwater (human waste in it)

Question 39

What did Chungungo Chile harvest water from?

Answer 39

fog

Question 40

How is water collected from fog?

Answer 40

-Fine-mesh nylon net -Suspended between poles -Catches and condenses fog (air rises and cools)

Question 41

Fog collecting succesful where?

Answer 41

-Tshanowa primary school -All 130 pupils drink fog water (no longer bottled)

Question 42

Why is Limpopo good for fog collecting?

Answer 42

-Mostly 1,000m above sea level -Moist air from Indian Ocean blown by prevailing easterlywinds

Question 43

Advantages of harvesting water from fog?

Answer 43

-Technology is simple and cheap (fine-mesh nylon nets) -Repairs easy + require little training -Ground water is contaminated

Question 44

Disadvantages to fog water collection?

Answer 44

-Nets break easily in wind -Not foggy everyday

Question 45

What are aquifers?

Answer 45

Porous rock layers

Question 46

What do aquifers do?

Answer 46

-Store lots of water -Rain + melting snow (precolated) | process known as recharge

Question 47

How can use aquifers?

Answer 47

-Dig/drill hole to supply -Abstract it

Question 48

Groundwater supplies how much water to India?

Answer 48

-65% of agriculture supply -85% of domestic supply

Question 49

What is over-abstraction?

Answer 49

-Water taken from ground faster than recharged (through precolition) -Not sustainable

Question 50

Statistic of over-abstraction?

Answer 50

-Ground water 4m lower than 2002

Question 51

Why so much water abrstracted?

Answer 51

-India has seasonal rainfal (ITCZ) -Surface stores polluted by human waste -Buy from water vendors -Cheap elec, drll deeper + pump water, water table falls and wells need to be dug deeper -India's monsoon unpredictable

Question 52

How many dams india has?

Answer 52

-3,200

Question 53

What is top down developement?

Answer 53

-Decisions by gov and businesses

Question 54

Disadvantages of dams?

Answer 54

-Floods (Omkareshwar Dam added 91m cuased mass floods) -Flooded extra 1,100 hectres