UNIT 6 - CITIES AND URBAN LAND USE PATTERNS AND PROCESSES

Question 1

METROPOLIS

Answer 1

Very large and densely populated city, particularly the capital or major city of a country or region
examples - New YorK City, London, Beijing

Question 2

MEGACITY

Answer 2

A city that consists of 10+ million people

Question 3

METACITY

Answer 3

A city that consists of 20+ million people

Question 4

SUBURBANIZATION

Answer 4

The process where people move, usually from cities, to residential areas on the outskirts of cities

Question 5

URBAN SPRAWL

Answer 5

Unrestricted growth in urban areas of housing commercial development, and roads over large expense of land

Question 6

DECENTRALIZATION

Answer 6

The process of shifting control from one main group to several smaller ones

Question 7

EDGE CITIES

Answer 7

Economic center in the fringe of a city with an extensive amount of office and retail space, typically near a major road.

Question 8

BOOMBURBS

Answer 8

Rapidly growing suburban city that represents a new metropolitan form

Question 9

EXURBS

Answer 9

Prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs.

Question 10

WORLD CITIES

Answer 10

Large cities that exert global, economic, cultural, and political influence and make up a network of economic, social, and information flows.
Examples - London, New York, Tokyo, Paris

Question 11

DISAMENITY ZONES

Answer 11

Locations that are typically steep, mountainous, and dangerous terrain that are not connected to city services.

Question 12

SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS

Answer 12

Formed on the outskirts of the city in the disamenity zone.
A.K.A. “Favelas” or “Barrios”

Question 13

ZONE ON IN SITU ACCRETION

Answer 13

Mixed-quality housing, a transitional zone from elite housing to squatter settlements.

Question 14

ZONING POLICIES

Answer 14

Regulation about what type of development or land use can occur on a specific location

Question 15

INFILLING

Answer 15

Redevelopment of vacant land to improve the surrounding area

Question 16

INFRASTRUCTURE

Answer 16

Refers to the basic support systems needed to keep a society and economy running smoothly
Examples - transportation systems, power stations lines, wifi, sewage systems, schools, police and fire departments, hospitals

Question 17

NEW URBANISM

Answer 17

Creating sustainable, human scaled places where people can live healthy and happy lives.
Examples - Mountain House, California

Question 18

URBAN CANYONS

Answer 18

Streets lined with tall buildings can channel and intensify wind; natural sunlight is blocked by the tall buildings

Question 19

URBAN HEAT ISLANDS

Answer 19

Concentration of buildings causes cities to be warmer

Question 20

SLOW-GROWTH CITIES

Answer 20

Urban areas that prioritize sustainable, equitable, and people-centered development over rapid population and economic growth

Question 21

GREENBELTS

Answer 21

An area of green space such as a park, agricultural land, or forest around an urban area intended to limit urban sprawl
Example - The High line belt in New York City

Question 22

QUALITATIVE DATA

Answer 22

Data that involves descriptive depictions or characteristics of a research topic - often based on people’s perceptions or opinions
Examples - Narratives, personal interviews, photographs, open ended questions

Question 23

QUANTITATIVE

Answer 23

Data that involves numbers and statistics - can be measured
Examples - census, surveys

Question 24

REDLINING

Answer 24

Housing discrimination maintained by banks - starting in the 1930s, refusal to grant home loans in certain areas because if the ethnic or racial composition

Question 25

BLOCKBUSTING

Answer 25

Housing discrimination maintained by real estate industry - white females were encouraged to rapidly sell when african american families moved into neighborhoods

Question 26

AFFORDABILITY

Answer 26

Rising mortgages rates, expensive home prices, low inventory and inflation have made it more difficult for the average american family to afford a home

Question 27

FOOD DESERT

Answer 27

Location were residents access to affordable, healthy food options (especially fruits and vegetables) is restricted or non-existent due to the absence of grocery stores within convenient traveling distance.

Question 28

RISING CRIME

Answer 28

When people are economically and racially segregated in urban areas, crime increases. Due to lack of job opportunities, lack of resources and infrastructure, desperation and isolation, criminalization of homelessness and mental health issues (exacerbated by lack of healthcare services)

Question 29

LAND TENURE

Answer 29

The rights of people or communities to manage (own and use) the land that they reside on

Question 30

ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE

Answer 30

Communities of color and the poor are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air and water pollution

Question 31

LOCAL FOOD MOVEMENTS

Answer 31

Using city-owned land or abandoned areas to plant community, urban gardens to provide fresh unit and vegetables to people living in food deserts

Question 32

URBAN RENEWAL

Answer 32

The process of seizing and demolishing larger swaths of private and public property for the purpose of modernizing and improving aging infrastructure.

Question 33

GENTRIFICATION

Answer 33

Process whereby the character of a neighborhood changes through the influx of more affluent residents and investments.

Question 34

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

Answer 34

Uses land as currency to measure how fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb our waste and generate new resources.

Question 35

SANITATION

Answer 35

Across the world, sanitation issues as open defecation and lack of sewage systems prevent cities from having access to healthy water.

Question 36

BROWNFIELD

Answer 36

Large, abandoned industrial sites in central cities and suburbs, due to the shift from manufacturing to service-based economies. Typically unsafe and polluted.