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1RR3 > Unit 6 - Food, Housing & Health > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Food, Housing & Health Flashcards

1
Q

Food insecurity (FI)

A

The inability to access adequate food bc of FINANCIAL constraints

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2
Q

What are some criteria that suggest some level of FI?

A
  • Worry about not having enough food
  • Reliance on low-cost foods
  • Not able to afford balanced meals
  • Adults/children skip meals
  • Adults/children cut size of meals
  • Adults/children not having enough to eat
  • Adult lost weight
  • Adults/children not eating for whole day

ALL B/C THERE WASN’T ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY FOOD

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3
Q

Where are most food-insecure households?

A

In the workforce

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4
Q

What is the main source of income for food-insecure households?

A

Wages (salaries) - 65%

  • 65% reported their main source of income as wages or salaries from employment
  • Simply having a job is not enough
  • Low-waged jobs and precarious work means people in the workforce often don’t have enough income to be food-secure
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5
Q

Are families always in constant hunger?

A
  • Move in and out of hunger very easily
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6
Q

Give some examples of how hunger can infiltrate in a family

A
  • the birth of a child
  • a change in the number of parents in the home
  • a decline in health of a family member
  • a change in employment hours
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7
Q

Limited data suggests that rising out of hunger best occurs when a mother obtains _______

A

Limited data suggests that rising out of hunger best occurs when a mother obtains full-time employment

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8
Q

What are the 3 classifications of HFI?

A

Marginal HFI
Moderate HFI
Severe HFI

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9
Q

What does HFI stand for?

A

Household Food Insecurity

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10
Q

What’s happening in marginal HFI?

A

concerned about running out of food and limitations to food variety

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11
Q

What’s happening in moderate HFI?

A

inadequate quality or quantity of foods

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12
Q

What’s happening in severe HFI?

A

reduced food intake or disrupted eating

  • not having the intake of food you need
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13
Q

As HFI severity increases, the risk for what also increases?

A
  • Depression and anxiety disorders
  • Mood disorders
  • Suicidal thoughts
  • The worse the food insecurity, the greater likelihood of poor health
  • Important to know your patients’ level of food security
    - Integrate food security into every conversation with patients (add it to your normal, ask everyone)
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14
Q

The more food insecure you are, the ____ your mental health outcomes are

A

The more food insecure you are, the worse your mental health outcomes are

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15
Q

What can food insecurity lead to?

A

Hunger

Inadequate nutritional intake and low intake of produce and milk

An inability to acquire food in socially acceptable ways

Stress over food procurement

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16
Q

How might parents (especially mothers) try to shield their children from food insecurity?

A

By reducing their own personal food consumption

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17
Q

What are health complications that are at higher rates for adults living with HFI?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Heart disease
  • Hypertension
  • Arthritis
  • Back problems
  • Multiple chronic conditions
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18
Q

How does childhood HFI effect on health in childhood?

A
  • Hyperactivity
  • Inattention
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19
Q

How does childhood HFI affect health in adolescence and early adulthood?

A
  • Asthma
  • Depression
  • Suicidal ideation
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20
Q

Who spent the most money on health costs?

A

Ppl that are more food insecure
- The more food insecure you are, the more unhealthy you are, thus need to spend more for health care

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21
Q

Ppl who are ___ food insecure will be more likely to choose food over medication (when they’re sick)

A

Ppl who are more food insecure will be more likely to choose food over medication (when they’re sick)

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22
Q

How many households in Canada are food insecure?

A

One in eight households in Canada is food insecure

  • 4.4 million people
  • including more than 1.2 million children
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23
Q

_____% of the children in Nunavut live in food-insecure households

A

78.7% of the children in Nunavut live in food-insecure households

24
Q

Which province has the highest prevalence of food insecurity?

A

Nunavut - 57%

25
Q

Which province has the lowest prevalence of food insecurity?

A

Quebec - 11.1%

26
Q

The highest rates of food insecurity are found among households where individuals identified as_______ or _____

A

The highest rates of food insecurity are found among households where individuals identified asIndigenous or Black

27
Q

Would do recent laws and food policies to improve food charity include?

A

-Absolving donors of liability for food safety
- you’re protected if the food you donated is not safe (eg. expired)
-Tax credits for local producers
-Local Food Infrastructure Fund (federal support for food banks)

28
Q

Are food banks the answer?

A

No - it is not the answer but it does help

  • Most HFI households do not use food banks
  • Food charity does not move ppl out of food insecurity
29
Q

What is the solution to food insecurity?

A

Income
- Sufficient enough to choose and have a choice in food intake

30
Q

Problems with food banks

A
  • Stigma in food drives
    • thus not a lot of ppl go b/c of it
  • Temporary
  • Last resort
  • Transportation
  • Children
    • who will take care of the children when you go to food banks
  • Criteria required to get food
  • No proper place to store food
  • Not enough staff
  • Not a variety of food
  • Most foods are not too healthy
31
Q

What are policies needed to address HFI?

A
  1. income-based policies & interventions
  2. policy addressing additional SDoH
    • includes: housing, employment, early childhood care
32
Q

Why do none of these recommendations include household food insecurity (HFI) - specific interventions?

A

B/c HFI usually is an unintended consequence from other SDoH

33
Q

What is food security for Indigenous communities?

A
  • Not just having enough food to eat or sufficient household funds to purchase processed foods that may be more accessible
  • What is needed is a restoration of sustainable relationships to the Land, culture, and communities, and advance reconciliation efforts alongside social and environmental justice
  • Seed sowing
34
Q

Did non-Indigenous or Indigenous ppl suffer more from HFI?

A

Indigenous ppl

35
Q

What are policy examples to support Seed Sowing?

A
  • Create opportunities to build partnerships across jurisdictions
  • Eliminate barriers to Land access
  • Create space for Indigenous governance
  • Simplify legal processes and documentation to support the transfer of Land agreements and trusts
  • Support Land-based learning with Indigenous organizations
  • Centre Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Knowledge in these opportunities
36
Q

The best way to increase individuals’ intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is to?

A

Require the government to ensure that healthy foods are accessible and affordable

37
Q

Food insecurity is an ______ problem?

A

An income problem

38
Q

Food insecurity has significant negative _____ and ______ effects on Canadians

A

Food insecurity has significant negative health and wellness effects on Canadians

39
Q

Are food insecurity proportionately affecting all groups of ppl?

A

No

Disproportionately affects certain groups of people more than others based on age, race, family status, gender, etc

40
Q

What does food security also include in many Indigenous contexts?

A

Includes reconciliation and sustainable connections to the Land

41
Q

Core housing need

A

Living in a housing that’s not affordable, suitable & adequacy

42
Q

What’s the trend in core housing need?

A

Increasing

43
Q

3 main factors in core housing

A

Affordability
Suitability
Adequacy

44
Q

What’s the % of ppl in core housing?

A

13% of Canadians are in core housing need​
27% of renters are in core housing need

45
Q

Who is in core housing need?

A
  • Lone-parent
    – especially female-led households (33% in core housing need)​
  • Immigrant/refugee – especially recently arrivals (27%/49%)​
  • Indigenous (1.4x more often in core housing need than non-Indigenous households)​
  • Disability (27%)​
  • Nunavut (37%)
  • Also students (post-secondary)
46
Q

Core housing need:

Affordability

A

Housing is affordable when its costs are less than 30% of the household’s gross income

47
Q

Core housing need:

Suitability

A

Housing is suitable when there are enough bedrooms for the number and make-up of household members as measured by the National Occupancy Standard (NOS)

48
Q

Core housing need:

Adequacy

A

Housing is adequate when it is not in need of major repairs to plumbing, structure, electrical or any other integral system

49
Q

Over a ______ ppl worldwide are not adequately housed

A

Over a billion ppl worldwide are not adequately housed

50
Q

What is the right to housing?

A
  • right to live somewhere in security, peace and dignity
  • recognized as a right since 1948
51
Q

True or false

There are a lot of ppl on a waiting list for subsidized housing

A

True

  • In Hamilton, have to wait 7-10 yrs for housing
52
Q

Examples of housing policy recommendations

Raphael et al. (2020)

A

Increasing funding of social housing programs for low-income Canadians

Support non-profit and co-operative housing sectors

53
Q

Examples of housing policy recommendations

RNAO (2009)

A

Policy to reduce discrimination in rental housing

Policy to address the gap between housing costs and tenant incomes

Policy to increase access to supportive community-based housing

54
Q

What is COHB?

A

Canada-Ontario Housing Benefit

  • Get ppl off social housing list if they take this benefit
  • Have to apply
  • Has many criteria to meet
55
Q

Who are COHB priorities given to?

A

Survivors of domestic violence and human trafficking

Indigenous persons

Persons with disabilities requiring modified units

Households on the Centralized Waiting List with the oldest application dates

56
Q

Housing & Health

A

Higher rates of morbidity/mortality for many infections/diseases are associated with housing insecurity

  • eg. blood-borne infections, mental health challenges, respiratory infections, chronic diseases, etc
57
Q

Why is studying housing insecurity and health complicated?

A
  • Inequities tend to be clustered (so it is hard to isolate one cause)
  • The context is often missing
  • People experiencing homelessness have an 8 to 10 times greater likelihood of early death compared to the greater population
  • Core housing need is important to understand because it is a precursor to homelessness

1RR3 (3 decks)

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