Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit 6 - Mitosis & Meiosis > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Mitosis & Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Cell cycle

A

A cycle of growth, development, and division that most cells in an organism go through.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Interphase

A

1st phase of the cell cycle (starts before mitosis) - divided into three stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prophase

A

1st stage of mitosis - Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Formation of spindle fibers, centrioles migrate to polls, and the nuclear envelope breaks down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metaphase

A

2nd stage of mitosis- chromosomes align themselves along the equator of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anaphase

A

3rd stage of mitosis - sister chromatids separate from one another. Spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Telophase

A

Last and 4th stage of mitosis - A complete set of chromosomes now at each pole of the cell. Nuclear envelopes begin to reform, and spindle fibers fall apart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm and other cell contents. Produces two identical “daughter cells.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sister Chromatid

A

A cloned chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Centriole

A

Controls the cell during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Centromere

A

Holds the chromosomes together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

G1

A

Interphase - Cells grow, carry out normal functions, and replicate organelles. Longest phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S

A

Interphase - DNA is replicated in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

G2

A

Interphase - cell continues to do its normal job and growth continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

M

A

Interphase - The division of the cell nucleus and its contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Somatic cells

A

Body cells ( blood cells, muscle cells, skin cells, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gamete cells

A

In animals: sperm and egg cells

  • The DNA in gamete cells is passed onto the next generation
17
Q

Diploid

A

A cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair

18
Q

Haploid

A

Having only one chromosome of each homologous pair

19
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

2 chromosomes ( 1 from mother, 1 from father) that code for the same genes

  • The genes on homologous chromosomes may code for different alleles - different versions of the genes they carry
20
Q

Autosomes

A

Chromosomes # 1–22. Contain genes for an organism’s physical features

21
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Chromosome #23; Determines sex

22
Q

Meiosis l

A

Separates homologous chromosomes. Produces two daughter cells that are haploid (n) with replicated chromosomes.

23
Q

Prophase l

A

Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope breaks down, and crossing-over occurs, and chromosomes are forming a tetrad

24
Q

Metaphase l

A

Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell

25
Q

Anaphase l

A

Homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the separating cell

26
Q

Telophase l

A

Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cell followed by Cytokinesis forming 2 daughter cells

27
Q

Meiosis ll

A

Separates sister chromatids. Produces 4 daughter cells that are haploid (n) single (non-replicated) chromosomes

28
Q

Prophase ll

A

A new spindle fibers forms and moves to opposite poles of the cell, nuclear membrane dissolves, and non-additional DNA is replicated

29
Q

Metaphase ll

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator

30
Q

Anaphase ll

A

Centromeres divide and chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell separating chromosomes

31
Q

Telophase ll

A

Nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes followed by cytokinesis forming 4 haploid daughter cells

32
Q

Crossing over

A

During prophase 1 —> when homologous pairs match up in prophase 1, they will exchange parts of DNA with their partner

33
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Law of independent assortment —> when homologous pairs line up in metaphase 1, it is completely random which partner lines up on either side of the equator and may be different every time.

34
Q

Random fertilization

A

Random fertilization —> during fertilization, it is completely random which of the male’s sperm cells will fertilize the females egg cell

Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions