Unit 6 Part 2

Question 0

What is leukopenia?

Answer 0

Low WBC count

Question 1

What is leukocytosis

Answer 1

Elevation of WBC

Question 2

What is anemia?

Answer 2

Low RBC count.

Question 3

What is polycythemia?

Answer 3

Abnormally elevated RBC count.

Question 4

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 4

Low platelet count.

Question 5

What is neutropenia?

Answer 5

Reduced number of neutrophils.

Question 6

Normal RBC count?

Answer 6

4-6 /mcl

Question 7

Normal Hb count?

Answer 7

Men= 13.3-17.7 g/dL
Women= 11.7-15.7 dL

Question 8

Normal Hematocrit percentage?

Answer 8

35-50%

Question 9

Normal WBC count?

Answer 9

4-12 /mcL

Question 10

Normal Neutrophil count?

Answer 10

40-70%

Question 11

What is normal sodium (Na+) concentration?

Answer 11

125-155 meq/L

Question 12

What is normal potassium (K) concentration?

Answer 12

3-6 meq/L

Question 13

What is normal chloride (Cl-) concentration?

Answer 13

70-120 meq/L

Question 14

What can cause hypernatremia (high Na+)?

Answer 14

Dehydration, excessive saline fluid administration, or diuretics use.

Question 15

What can cause hyponatremia (low Na+)?

Answer 15

Overhydration, abnormal secretion of antidiuretic hormone, severe vomiting or diarrhea, CHF, renal or hepatic failure, or Addison disease.

Question 16

What can cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 16

Acute or chronic kidney disease, Addison disease, severe alcoholism, rhabdomyolysis

Question 17

What can cause hypokalemia?

Answer 17

Severe vomiting or diarrhea, chronic renal disease, high-dose beta agonist therapy.

Question 18

What can cause hyperchloremia?

Answer 18

Excessive chloride administration, metabolic acidosis, diabetes insipidus.

Question 19

What can cause hypochloremia?

Answer 19

Severe vomiting or diarrhea, metabolic alkalosis, adrenal insufficiency, severe burns, excessive IV dextrose administration.

Question 20

What are some benefits of ECG use?

Answer 20

They are inexpensive, noninvasine, and easy to obtain.

Question 21

What are some limitations of ECG use?

Answer 21

A resting ECG cannot predict future heart problems. It can only detect abnormalities that are occurring or have already occurred.

Question 22

Describe the electrophysiology of cardiac cells, including the impulse-conducting system.

Answer 22

The muscle cells of the heart normally are stimulated and paced by electrical activity of the cardiac impulse conducting system. The impulse conducting system cells have the ability to stimulate heart contraction without influence of the nervous system.

Question 23

What is an ectopic beat?

Answer 23

Any heartbeat originating outside the SA node.

Question 24

What does the p-wave represent?

Answer 24

Wave of depolarization in the atria.

Question 25

Looking at the ECG, how tall and wide is a typical p-wave?

Answer 25

2.5 mm high and 3 mm long

Question 26

What does the PR interval measure?

Answer 26

The time between atrial and ventricular depolarization.

Question 27

How long is a typical PR interval?

Answer 27

0.20 seconds.

Question 28

What is the QRS complex?

Answer 28

Wave of depolarization over the ventricles.

Question 29

How long does the QRS complex typically last?

Answer 29

0.12 seconds.

Question 30

What is the ST segment?

Answer 30

The end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization.

Question 31

What is the T-wave?

Answer 31

Ventricular repolarization.

Question 32

Describe how the cardiac impulse is conducted through the structures of the heart.

Answer 32

The impulse begins at the SA node - intraatrial pathways - Bachmann bundle- left atrium *ATRIAL CONTRACTION* - AV node - bundle of His- R and L bundle branches- Purkinje fibers - *VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION*