unit 6 - protein synthesis

Question 1

anticodon

Answer 1

3 bases on a tRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid & complements the codons on mRNA

Question 2

central dogma

Answer 2

genetic info flows in 1 direction: DNA - to RNA - protein

Question 3

codon

Answer 3

3 base code in DNA/RNA that specifies a particular amino acid

Question 4

deletion

Answer 4

type of mutation
- nucleotide is removed from the sequence (could form a frameshift)

Question 5

exon

Answer 5

a segment of DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a protein

Question 6

frameshift

Answer 6

mutation
- shift in the reading frame of codons on a mRNA molecule
- deletions & insertions can cause frameshifts

Question 7

gene expression

Answer 7

appearance of a phenotype (physical feature) results from possession of a particular gene

Question 8

insertion

insertion

Answer 8

mutation
- in which an extra nucleotide is added to the base sequence
- can cause frameshift

Question 9

intron

Answer 9

a segment of DNA/RNA molecule that doesnt code for proteins
- interrupts sequence of genes

Question 10

missense

Answer 10

a substitution mutation that results in coding for a different amino acid

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

• messenger RNA
• carries genetic info from DNA in nucleus into ribosomes

Question 12

mutation

Answer 12

permanent change in a cell’s DNA

Question 13

nonsense

Answer 13

substitution mutation
- changes amino acid to “stop”

Question 14

operator

Answer 14

negative/inhibitory regulatory site in genes that repressor proteins bind to inhibit synthesis of mRNA, and that protein

Question 15

operon

Answer 15

a segment of DNA in which several genes with related functions are regulated by one promoter

Question 16

repressor

Answer 16

substance that acts on an operon to inhibit mRNA synthesis

Question 17

rRNA

Answer 17

ribosomal RNA
- molecule that forms part of the ribosome to help w translation

Question 18

silent mutation

Answer 18

substitution mutation
- causes no change in amino acid and protein

Question 19

transcription

Answer 19

the process by which mRNA is synthesized from a template DNA strand

Question 20

translation

Answer 20

the process by which mRNA attaches to the ribosome & a protein is assembled with the help of tRNA

Question 21

tRNA

Answer 21

type of RNA that transports amino acids to ribosome