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BIO 12 > Unit 6 - Tissues > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Tissue?

A

a group of cells, which are similar in structure and in function.

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2
Q

What are the four major groups that all tissue in the human body are classified in?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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3
Q

What is the largest group of tissue?

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

What does Epithelial Tissue do?

A

covers or lines the entire body surfaces including inner cavities and organs, is closely packed with very little intercellular space, forms membrane sheets and glands.

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5
Q

What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelium?

A 
Simple = single layer of cells
Stratified = more than one layer of cells
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6
Q

What are the three different types of Epithelial Cells?

A
  1. Squamous (thin and flat)
  2. Cuboidal (cubed)
  3. Columnar (rectangular)
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7
Q

Why does Epithelial tissue need to be connected to Connective tissue?

A

Because Epithelial tissue is avascular (does not receive direct blood supply).

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8
Q

Name 5 Epithelium tissue functions

A
  1. secretion
  2. absorption
  3. filtration
  4. excretion
  5. protection.
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9
Q

Where is Simple Squamous Epithelium located? Why is it useful in these places?

A

The lungs and in the cardiovascular system.
It’s the thinnest type of epithelial tissue so it allows passage of substances by diffusion/osmosis (good for gas exchange + blood diffusion)

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10
Q

What are the two types of Stratified Squamous Epithelium? What are it’s two major functions?

A

Keratinized (epidermis of the skin)
and non-keratinized (inside of mouth, esophagus, vagina)

Major function: resists abrasion + protection

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11
Q

Where is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium located? What are its 2 major functions?

A

Lines kidney tubules and ducts of small glands. Functions are secretion and absorption

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12
Q

Where is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium located? What is it’s major function?

A

Found lining largest of glandular ducts (ex. salivary and sweat glands). Major function is protection.

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13
Q

What are the 3 functions of Columnar Epithelium? Where is it located?

A

Functions: absorption, secretion and protection.

Lines the intestinal tract, oviducts and uterus

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14
Q

Why can Columnar Epithelium only be PSEUDOstratisfied? Where is this kind located?

A

Columnar epithelium cannot be stratisfied (layered), it can only be pseudostratisfied (LOOK layered) due to its orientation.
Found lining the respiratory tract.

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15
Q

What are the 5 subclasses of Connective Tissues?

A
  1. Loose connective
  2. Fibrous connective
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone
  5. Blood
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16
Q

What are the functions of connective tissues?

A

to connect, support, protect, store fat and fill empty spaces

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17
Q

Do connective tissues have intercellular space? What is it called?

A

Yes, they contain lots of extracellular space that contains the matrix. In the matrix there are fibers and ground substance.

18
Q

What 3 cells are typical to loose connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, Collagen fibers, and Elastic fibers.

19
Q

What are the 2 functions of loose connective tissue? Where is it found?

A

Functions: to join tissues together and hold organs in place
Located beneath the skin and most epithelial layers

20
Q

What is Adipose tissue?

A

A type of loose connective tissue (A.K.A fat)

21
Q

What does Adipose tissue do and where is it found?

A

largely found in the subcutaneous body regions as well as bone and around the kidneys.
It provides support, cushions, insulates, and stores food

22
Q

What are the two things Fibrous Tissue makes up?

A

Tendons and Ligaments

23
Q

What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

A

A tendon attaches muscle to bone while a ligament attaches bone to bone.

24
Q

What types of tissue takes a long time to heal due to it’s poor blood supply?

A

Fibrous Connective Tissue and Cartilage

25
Q

What are the three types of Cartilage? What are Cartilage’s functions?

A

Types: hyaline (most abundant form), elastic, and fibrous.

Cartilage provides firm but flexible support.

26
Q

Where is cartilage found?

A

Found on the nose, ears, larynx, and ends of bones

27
Q

What type of matrix does cartilage have?

A

A solid, flexible matrix

28
Q

What is the function of Bone?

A

provides rigid support, protects, stores minerals, and contains marrow for hematopoiesis

29
Q

What type of matrix does Bone have?

A

A solid, rigid matrix reinforced with minerals

30
Q

What are the 5 main functions of blood and where is it found?

A 
Found in blood vessels. 
Main Functions: 
1. carry oxygen
2. fights infection
3. blood clotting
4. transportation
5. temperature regulation
31
Q

What are the four main components of blood?

A
  1. Plasma: main liquid component
  2. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
  3. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
  4. Thrombocytes (Platelets)
32
Q

What are muscles composed of? And what two proteins compose that?

A

Muscle Fibers.
Muscle fibers are composed of muscle fibers Actin and Myosin (these proteins form the functional muscle unit called a sarcomere)

33
Q

Name 3 different types of muscle

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle
  2. Smooth Muscle
  3. Cardiac Muscle
34
Q

How are Skeletal Muscles characterized?

A

by the striated appearance (alternating light and dark bands that cross the cell). They are also composed of myofibers

35
Q

What are the 4 functions of skeletal muscles?

A

attach to bone, move body limbs, provide

skeletal movement and are under voluntary control

36
Q

Where is smooth muscle found? What is it’s purpose?

A

In walls of internal organs.

Smooth muscle moves substances within the body.

37
Q

What characterizes Smooth Muscle?

A

It is spindle shaped and we have involuntary control of it

38
Q

Where is Cardiac Muscle found? What is its function and how is it characterized?

A

Cardiac Muscle (Myocardium) is found only in the heart wall and propels blood.

Characterization:
Striated and branched
Involuntary control

39
Q

What is nervous tissue made up of? What do these things do?

A

Neurons. They send and receive nerve impulses that maintain homeostasis and communicate with the outside world.

40
Q

What are the major parts of a neuron

A

dendrites (move signals towards cell body)
cell body
axon (move signals away from cell body)

BIO 12 (15 decks)

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