Unit 6- Topic 1 Flashcards
DNA and RNA structure
What type of structure do Purines have?
A double ring structure (A, G)
What type of structure do Pyrimidines have?
A single ring structure (C, U, T)
What is the backbone of DNA composed of?
Sugar Phosphates
What is the center of DNA composed of?
Nucleotide pairings
How do hydrogen bonds aid in DNA replication?
They allow for the DNA strands to be easily separated during the replication process
What functional group defines the 5’ end of DNA?
Free phosphate group
What functional group defines the 3’ end of DNA?
Free hydroxyl group
How many hydrogen bonds do A & T have?
2
How many hydrogen bonds do C & G have?
3
What are plasmids?
Small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomes
contains genes that may be useful but may not be required for survival
In eukaryotes, where is DNA located, and what is it’s structure?
-DNA found in nucleus
-Linear Chromosomes
In prokaryotes, where is DNA located, and what is it’s structure?
-DNA is in nucleiod
-Circular Chromosomes
Is DNA + or - charged?
How can you tell?
Negatively charged.
The phosphate backbone of DNA is - charged due to the presence of bonds created between the phosphorus and oxygen atoms.
How do plasmids replicate?
Independently from chromosomal DNA
What did Chargaff discover?
The amount of A:T is equal, as is the amount of C:G
What did Franklin discover?
Helix shape
What did Watson and Crick discover?
3D Double Helix Model
What are the 3 differences between RNA and DNA?
- the bases (T vs U)
- double vs single stranded
- type of acid
What type of acid does DNA contain?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Recombinant plasmid DNA helps with what?
The survival of prokaryotes
How is recombinant plasmid DNA created and then used?
- plasmids are removed from bacteria
- gene of interest is inserted into the plasmid
- finally, the recombinant plasmid DNA is inserted back into the DNA, and expressed.
Where are antibiotic resistant genes located?
In the plasmids
How are the antibiotic resistance genes being transmitted to non-resistant bacteria when cultured together?
Bacteria can exchange genes found on plasmids with neighboring bacteria.
Once DNA is changed, the bacteria can express the genes.
