Unit 6 - topic 7

Question 1

mutations

Answer 1

• changes in the genetic material of a cell, which can alter phenotypes
• primary source of genetic variation
• normal function and production of cellular products is essential

Question 2

new phenotypes can be cause by

Answer 2

disruption

Question 3

changes can be

Answer 3

large or small scale

Question 4

large scale

Answer 4

chromosomal changes

Question 5

small scale

Answer 5

nucleotide substitutions, insertions, or deletions

Question 6

point mutations

Answer 6

change a single nucleotide pair of a gene

Question 7

substitution

Answer 7

replacement of one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides

Question 8

silent

Answer 8

change still codes for the same amino acid (remember: redundancy in the genetic code)

Question 9

missense

Answer 9

change results in a different amino acid

Question 10

nonsense

Answer 10

change results in a stop codon

Question 11

frameshift mutation

Answer 11

when reading frame of the genetic information is altered
disastrous effects to resulting proteins

Question 12

insertion

Answer 12

nucleotide is inserted

Question 13

deletion

Answer 13

nucleotide is removed

Question 14

large scale mutations

Answer 14

affect chromosomes

Question 15

nondisjunction

Answer 15

when chromosomes do not separate properly in meiosis
results in the incorrect number of chromosomes

Question 16

translocation

Answer 16

segment of one chromosome moves to another

Question 17

inversion

Answer 17

segment is reversed

Question 18

duplication

Answer 18

segment is repeated

Question 19

deletion

Answer 19

segment is lost

Question 20

Any time mutations occur, they are subject to

Answer 20

natural selection
genetic changes can sometimes enhance the survival and reproduction of an organism

Question 21

horizontal gene transfer

Answer 21

what prokaryotes can exchange genetic material through
if there is a mutation that is beneficial to the survival and reproduction of that prokaryote then it can also be transferred

Question 22

transformation

Answer 22

uptaking of DNA from a nearby cell

Question 23

transduction

Answer 23

viral transmission of genetic material

Question 24

conjugation

Answer 24

cell to cell transfer of DNA

Question 25

transposition

Answer 25

movement of DNA segments within and between DNA molecules