Unit 6 Universe Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

A brightness scale used to measure of how bright a star would be if it were seen from a standard distance

A

Absolute magnitude

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2
Q

the brightness of a star as seen from earth

A

apparent magnitude

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3
Q

a large collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

A

galaxy

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4
Q

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a graph that shows the relationship between a star’s surface temperature and absolute magnitude.

A

H-R Diagram

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5
Q

the distance that light travels through space in or year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers

A

light-year

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6
Q

the actual brightness of an object such as a star

A

luminosity

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7
Q

the region on the H-R diagram where stars spend most of their lives; it has a diagonal pattern

A

main sequence

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8
Q

a large could of dust and gas in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born

A

nebula

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9
Q

the core of a supernova that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together and formed neutrons

A

neutron star

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10
Q

a relatively large spherical body that orbits a star

A

planet

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11
Q

a highly magnetized rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation

A

pulsar

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12
Q

the motion of a body that travels around another body in space; one trip along an orbit

A

revolution

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13
Q

the spin of a body on its axis

A

rotation

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14
Q

the collection of large and small bodies that orbit our central star, the sun

A

solar system

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15
Q

a large celestial body that is composed of gas and that emits light; the sun is a typical star

A

star

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16
Q

the distance between two adjacent troughs or crests of a wave

A

wavelength

17
Q

a gigantic explosion in which a massive star throws its out layers into space, but its core remains

A

supernova

18
Q

space and all matter and energy in it

A

universe

19
Q

the hot, dense, dim core of matter that remains from the collapse of a low-mass star

A

white dwarf

20
Q

a galaxy shaped like a pinwheel, with a bulge in the center and spiral arms extending outwards

A

spiral galaxy

21
Q

a spherical or elongated galaxy with a bright center and very little dust and gas

A

elliptical galaxy

22
Q

a galaxy with an irregular shape that does not fit into any other category

A

irregular galaxy

23
Q

all of the different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation from radio waves to gamma rays

A

electromagnetic spectrum

24
Q

the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that 13 billion to 15 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions

A

big bang theory

25
Q

CMB; the electromagnetic radiation left over from the formation of the universe

A

cosmic microwave background

26
Q

a phenomenon which occurs when a star oa galaxy is moving away from te eairth and its

A

redshift

27
Q

an observed change in the frequency or wavelength when the source is moving with respect to the observer

A

doppler effect

28
Q

a tool used to collect light from stars and separate the colors in the light

A

spectroscope