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AP World > Unit 6 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

1883 Slavery Abolition Act

A

Ended slavery in parts of the British Empire which created a need for labor.

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2
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

He invented the telephone in 1876. The patent for the telephone was the most valuable patent ever issued.

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3
Q

Anarchist

A

A person who opposes all forms of government.

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4
Q

Assembly Line

A

A method of manufacturing in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt with individuals stationed along the belt to work on specific tasks

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5
Q

Assimilation

A

The act of becoming part of another culture

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6
Q

Banana Republics

A

Small Central American countries that fell under the economic power of foreign corporations.

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7
Q

Berlin Conference

A

A meeting of several European powers to discuss the orderly colonization of Africa in which colonial boundaries and trade movements were established

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8
Q

Black Gold

A

A nickname for oil

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9
Q

Boer Wars

A

Also known as the Anglo-Boer Wars, were two wars fought in 1880-1881 and 1899-1902 between the British Empire and two independent Boer states: the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.

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10
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

A violent, armed uprising in China that sought to drive all foreigners from China from 1899 to 1901

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11
Q

British East India Company

A

A British monopolistic trading establishment which exploited Southeast Asia and India for trade

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12
Q

Cartels

A

Corporate combinations that control entire industries

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13
Q

Congo Free State

A

Privately owned colony by King Leopold II of Belgium from in which he kept all profits and exploited workers. As many as 8 million died under Leopold’s reign.

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14
Q

The Chinese Exclusion Act

A

A U.S. federal law that prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers.

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15
Q

Chinese Immigration Act

A

An 1855 response to the large influx of Chinese miners in Australia that limited the number of Chinese immigrants that came ashore from each ship.

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16
Q

Culture System

A

farmers had to choose between growing cash crops for export or performing mandatory unpaid work.

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17
Q

David Ricardo

A

A British political economist who wrote Principles of Political Economy and Taxation; He stated that working class poverty was inevitable because supply and demand determines wages.

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18
Q

Division of Labor

A

Assigning different parts or tasks of the manufacturing process to different people in order to improve efficiency.

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19
Q

Economic Imperialism

A

When foreign business interests have great economic power and influence which takes advantage of natural resources outside their borders

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20
Q

Entrepreneur

A

A person who starts up and takes on the risk and profits of a business

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21
Q

Ethnic Enclaves

A

Groups or neighborhoods of people from the same foreign country

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22
Q

Export Economies

A

Many colonies turned into centers of production that focused on sending their raw materials or products elsewhere.

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23
Q

Factors of Production

A

A favorable combination of the needed factors: land, capital, and labor.

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24
Q

Free Enterprise

A

An economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference

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25
George Stephenson
An English engineer who perfected a steam locomotive that ran on rails
26
Ghost Dance
Around 1869, the Northern Paiute Indians thought the dead would return to drive out the white invaders and return lands to Native Americans. The Ghost Dance rituals performed were supposed to help this process.
27
Great Famine
From 1845 to 1849, the potato crop was destroyed in Ireland causing about 3 million people to emigrate to other nations
28
Henry Ford
Perfected a system to mass produce cars making them more widely available at lower prices
29
Humanitarians
People who work to improve the conditions of others.
30
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
31
Indentured Servitude
A type of labor (often coerced) in which a person takes out a loan in exchange for agreeing to work without a salary to repay the loan
32
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Also called the Sepoy Mutiny, a violent uprising against the British in colonial India after the British began using cow and pig fat to grease their rifle cartridges. The rebellion was squashed but it sparked the beginning of Indian nationalism.
33
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Cherokee and other Native Americans from the southeast were forced to relocate to Oklahoma.
34
Industrial Capitalism
An economic and social system in which trade, industry and capital are privately controlled and operated for a profit.
35
The Industrial Revolution
The transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States beginning in the 1760s.
36
James Watt
An inventor best known for his improvements to the steam engine.
37
Jane Addams
She was the founder of the Settlement House Movement and the first American woman to earn the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
38
Jeremy Bentham
An English philosopher and founder of utilitarianism; Argued law was useful and therefore good; Believed people should be educated so they could make decisions for themselves.
39
John D. Rockefeller
An American entrepreneur and founder of the Standard Oil Trust which ended oil competition. He was known for being a ruthless competitor.
40
John Kay
He invented the flying shuttle which moved the weft-carrying shuttle quickly across the loom leading to faster cloth production.
41
Joseph Pulitzer
He was a Hungarian immigrant who created the first modern mass -circulated newspaper. His paper included crowd-pleasing features such as color comics. His newspaper, the New York World, became known for its sensational headlines.
41
John Stuart Mill
He believed government should work for the good of all its citizens; Rejected economic systems that left workers in poverty; Called for the government to protect working children and to improve factory conditions
42
J.P. Morgan
He gained control of key industries like the railroads and steel. He would buy up stock of companies in trouble, and then run them in a way that eliminated the competition to increase his profit.
43
Kangani System
A system in Ceylon, Burma, and Malaya in which entire families were recruited to work on plantations
44
Knights of Labor
Founded in 1869, this was the first major labor organization in the United States. They organized unskilled and skilled workers, campaigned for an eight hour workday, and aspired to form a cooperative society in which laborers owned the industries in which they worked.
45
Laissez-faire Economics
Government and regulators have minimal involvement in the operations of private businesses
46
Manifest Destiny
The belief in the 19th century US that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent.
47
Mark Twain
He was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He is best known for writing Huckleberry Finn, and he is widely considered the father of American literature.
48
Mass Production
Manufacturing large quantities of a specific product.
49
Mechanization
Automatic machinery used to increase production
50
Migration
The movement of people to a new area or country in order to find work or better living conditions.
51
Monocultures
A lack of agricultural diversity especially in developing nations
52
Monopoly
A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.
53
Monroe Doctrine
A US policy drafted in 1823 which opposed European colonialism in the Americas.
54
Nationalism
Identifying with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
55
Natal Indian Congress
Founded by Gandhi, this organization worked to expose discrimination against Indians in South Africa
56
Opium War
From 1839 to 1842 war waged between the Chinese and British over the Chinese government’s objection to the importation of opium.
57
Patent
A document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention.
58
Penal Colony:
A colony established for the purpose of relocating convicts. In 1788, Britain began sending its convicts to Australia.
59
Proclamation of 1763
An act from the British that reserved all land from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River for Native Americans. This was the first instance of a European power granting territorial rights to indigenous people.
60
Proletariat
The working class that Marx thought would be driven into poverty by the capitalists and revolt.
61
Realist
Writers who tried to show life as it really is
62
Richard Arkwright
He invented a new way to drive machines by waterpower; Began the modern factory system of production.
63
Samuel Morse
He used the work of Volta and Ampere to invent the telegraph and Morse code to make a practical communication device.
64
Samuel Gompers
He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers. He believed skilled workers were hard to replace because they have to be trained. It barred African Americans, unskilled workers, immigrants
65
Spanish-American War
The US victory in 1898 brought Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines under the control of the US
66
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. Used to justify racist beliefs.
67
Socialism
A political and economic system in which the government owns the means of production and operates them for the benefit of all the people.
68
Steerage
A large open area beneath a ship's deck that was used for storing cargo but later became an area for low cost and low class travel.
69
Tariffs
Taxes on imported goods
70
Ten Hours Act of 1847
This set a 10 hour working day for women and for children younger than 18. Since this included most workers, factory owners extended this to everyone
71
Thomas Newcomen
An English inventor who created the atmospheric engine which was the first practical fuel burning machine
72
Tenements
Overcrowded housing with poor conditions such as polluted air, lack of clean water, crime, fires, and diseases
73
Thomas Malthus
An English economist who wrote Essay on the Principle of Population; He theorized that population growth would outrun the food supply without limits imposed upon reproduction.
74
Trail of Tears
The route of forced relocations of Native Americans between 1830 and 1850. The walk was over 5,000 miles long, and over 100,000 Native Americans were forcibly removed from their homelands
75
Treaty of Nanking
After the Opium War, this treaty required China to open ports to foreigners, give HongKong to Britain, allow the trade of opium, and pay damages.
76
Utopian Socialist
Early socialists who believed that people could live together in small cooperative settlements where everyone could work together for the common good and they would collectively own all means of production and share in the production. They worked out plans for towns modeled after Thomas Moore's Utopia.
77
White Australia Policy
Legislation of the new Commonwealth of Australia that effectively stopped all non-European immigration into the country and that contributed to the development of a racially insulated white society.
78
White Man’s Burden
White Europeans claimed responsibility for caring for and civilizing natives of their respective colonies. (Savior complex)
79
Yellow Journalism
Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensationalism and attract readers.

AP World (4 decks)

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