Unit 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

a type of biological molecule made up of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds; what DNA codes for

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

a type of biological molecule made up of nucleotides; stores genetic information; DNA is an example

Answer 3

Nucleic Acid

Question 4

the basic building blocks of nucleic acids and thus DNA

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

the sugar that is found in the nucleotides of DNA

Answer 5

Deoxyribose Sugar

Question 6

one of the main components of a nucleotide; there are four different ones in DNA (A, C, G, T)

Answer 6

Nitrogen Base

Question 7

the third component of a nucleotide; a phosphorous atom surrounded by for oxygen Atoms

Answer 7

Phosphate group

Question 8

the shape of a DNA molecule; resembles a twisted ladder

Answer 8

Double Helix

Question 9

deoxyribose and phosphates bonded together to form the outer sided of the DNA ladder

Answer 9

Sugar phosphate backbone

Question 10

weak chemical bond that forms between opposite charges of adjacent polar molecules; holds the two sides of DNA together in the middle

Answer 10

Hydrogen Bond

Question 11

states that A bonds with T and C bonds with G

Answer 11

Base pairing rule

Question 12

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

Answer 12

Adenine

Question 13

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

Answer 13

Guanine

Question 14

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

Answer 14

Cytosine

Question 15

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

Answer 15

Thymine

Question 16

because of the base pairing rule, one side of DNA can be used to predict the opposite, or complimentary side

Answer 16

Complementary

Question 17

the process of DNA making copies of itself to put into new cells

Answer 17

Replication

Question 18

because of the base pairing rule, one side of DNA can be used to form the complementary side

Answer 18

Template

Question 19

the new complimentary strand formed during DNA replication

Answer 19

Daughter strand

Question 20

the original strand used as a template in DNA replication

Answer 20

Parental Strand

Question 21

when DNA is replicated, each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand

Answer 21

Semi conservative

Question 22

one of the molecules used to store genetic information; ribonucleic acid

Answer 22

RNA

Question 23

the process of using DNA’s instructions to build proteins in the ribosomes within a cell

Answer 23

Protein Synthesis

Question 24

the sugar that is found in the nucleotides of RNA

Answer 24

Ribose

Question 25

this nitrogen base replaces T in RNA molecules

Answer 25

Uracil

Question 26

mRNA; carries a copy of DNA's instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome

Answer 26

Messenger RNA

Question 27

tRNA; carries amino acids from the cytosol to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer 27

Transfer RNA

Question 28

rRNA; makes up the ribosomes

Answer 28

Ribosomal RNA

Question 29

a three letter code

Answer 29

triplet

Question 30

a three letter mRNA code that codes for one amino acid

Answer 30

Codon

Question 31

the building blocks of proteins

Answer 31

Amino acid

Question 32

the idea the DNA is used to make RNA which is used to make proteins

Answer 32

Central dogma

Question 33

the process of copying DNA's instructions onto mRNA in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 33

Transcription

Question 34

where proteins are assembled

Answer 34

Ribosome

Question 35

the process of turning mRNA code into a sequence of amino acids that builds a protein

Answer 35

Translation

Question 36

a three letter tRNA code that base pairs with the codon on mRNA to place an amino acid into its correct position

Answer 36

Anticodon

Question 37

what is built in the ribosome according to the instructions provided by DNA

Answer 37

Protein

Question 38

holds amino acids together to form proteins

Answer 38

peptide bond

Question 39

the main molecule that stores genetic information for all living things

Answer 39

DNA