Unit 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Turkification:
A
Policy aimed at promoting Turkish culture and identity.
2
Q
Bolshevik:
A
Member of the radical wing of the Russian Social Democratic Party.
3
Q
Communists:
A
Advocates for the establishment of a classless society.
4
Q
Young Turks:
A
Political reform movement in the early 20th century Ottoman Empire.
5
Q
Mexican Revolution:
A
Decade-long armed struggle for social and political change in Mexico.
6
Q
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI):
A
Dominant political party in Mexico for most of the 20th century.
7
Q
Sun Yat-sen:
A
Chinese revolutionary and first president of the Republic of China.
8
Q
Kemal Ataturk:
A
Founding father of the Republic of Turkey.
9
Q
Porfirio Diaz:
A
President of Mexico known for his dictatorial rule.
10
Q
Francisco Madero:
A
Leader of the Mexican Revolution and President of Mexico.
11
Q
Francisco “Pancho” Villa:
A
Prominent Mexican Revolutionary general.
12
Q
Emiliano Zapata:
A
Leader of the agrarian movement during the Mexican Revolution.
13
Q
The Great War:
A
Alternative name for World War I.
14
Q
Gavrilo Princip:
A
Assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggering World War I.
15
Q
Archduke Franz Ferdinand:
A
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination sparked WWI.
16
Q
Triple Entente:
A
Alliance between Britain, France, and Russia before WWI.
17
Q
Triple Alliance:
A
Pre-WWI alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
18
Q
Central Powers:
A
WWI coalition including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
19
Q
Black Hand (Serbia):
A
Secret society responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
20
Q
Militarism:
A
Policy of glorifying military power and maintaining a strong military.
21
Q
Self-determination:
A
Right of a people to decide their own political status.
22
Q
Conscription:
A
Mandatory enlistment for military service.
23
Q
Stalemate:
A
Situation in which neither side in a conflict can make significant gains.
24
Q
Propaganda:
A
Information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a particular political cause.
25
Reparations:
Payments made by defeated countries to compensate for war damages.
26
Lusitania:
British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat during WWI.
27
Zimmerman Telegram:
German proposal to Mexico to join WWI against the United States.
28
Total war:
Warfare that involves all aspects of society and economy.
29
ANZAC:
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
30
Gallipoli Campaign (battle):
WWI campaign fought on the Gallipoli Peninsula.
31
Paris Peace Conference:
Meeting to establish peace terms after WWI.
32
The Big Four:
Leaders of the major Allied powers at the Paris Peace Conference.
33
Woodrow Wilson:
President of the United States during WWI and creator of the Fourteen Points.
34
David Lloyd George:
British Prime Minister during WWI.
35
Georges Clemenceau:
French Prime Minister during WWI.
36
Vittorio Orlando:
Italian Prime Minister during WWI.
37
Fourteen Points:
Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace after WWI.
38
League of Nations:
International organization established after WWI to promote peace.
39
Treaty of Versailles:
Peace treaty that ended WWI.
40
Weimar Republic:
Democratic government established in Germany after WWI.
41
Trench warfare:
Military strategy involving fighting from trenches.
42
U-boat:
German submarine used during WWI and WWII.
43
Deficit spending:
Government spending in excess of revenue.
44
John Maynard Keynes:
Economist known for his ideas on government intervention in the economy.
45
Collectivize:
To bring under collective ownership or control.
46
Kolkhoz:
Soviet collective farm.
47
Great Depression:
Severe economic downturn in the 1930s.
48
New Deal:
Series of programs and policies implemented by FDR to combat the Great Depression.
49
New Economic Plan (NEP):
Soviet economic policy of the 1920s.
50
Five-Year Plan:
Soviet economic plans aimed at rapid industrialization.
51
Russian Civil War:
Conflict fought between the Red Army and the White Army.
52
Spanish Civil War:
Conflict between Republicans and Nationalists in Spain.
53
Politburo:
Central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party.
54
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI):
Dominant political party in Mexico for most of the 20th century.
55
Fascism:
Authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power.
56
Totalitarian state:
Government with total control over all aspects of public and private life.
57
Popular Front:
Coalition of leftist parties against fascism.
58
Nationalists (Spain):
Faction in the Spanish Civil War led by Francisco Franco.
59
Republicans/Loyalists (Spain):
Faction in the Spanish Civil War opposed to Franco's Nationalists.
60
Luftwaffe:
German Air Force during WWII.
61
Soviet Union/Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R):
Communist state in Eurasia.
62
Italian Somaliland:
Former Italian colony in East Africa.
63
Spanish Republic:
Government of Spain before the Spanish Civil War.
64
Hypernationalism:
Extreme nationalism.
65
Franklin Delano Roosevelt:
President of the United States during the Great Depression and WWII.
66
Francisco Franco:
Dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975
67
Gulag:
System of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union.
68
PEMEX:
Mexican state-owned petroleum company.
69
Decolonization:
Process of undoing colonialism.
70
Mandate system:
League of Nations system for administering former Ottoman territories.
71
Balfour Declaration:
British statement supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
72
Civil disobedience:
Nonviolent resistance to unjust laws.
73
Big Three:
Allied leaders during WWII - Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin.
74
Mohandas Gandhi:
Leader of the Indian independence movement.
75
Muhammad Ali Jinnah:
Founder of Pakistan.
76
Jawaharlal Nehru:
First Prime Minister of independent India.
77
Mao Zedong:
Founding father of the People's Republic of China.
78
Chiang Kai-shek:
Leader of the Nationalist government in China.
79
Pan-Arabism:
Movement promoting unity among Arab peoples.
80
Indian National Congress:
Political party that led the Indian independence movement.
81
Satyagraha (devotion-to-truth) movement:
Nonviolent resistance movement led by Gandhi.
82
Salt March:
Nonviolent protest against British salt tax led by Gandhi.
83
March Fist Movement:
Chinese anti-imperialist and anti-feudalism movement.
84
May Fourth Movement:
Chinese cultural and political movement.
85
Chinese Communist Party (CCP):
Ruling party of China, led by Mao Zedong.
86
Long March:
Retreat of the CCP during the Chinese Civil War.
87
Palestine:
Region in the Middle East with significant geopolitical significance.
88
Pakistan:
South Asian country established in 1947.
89
Amritsar Massacre:
Mass killing of unarmed Indian civilians by British troops in 1919.
90
Manchukuo:
Puppet state in Northeast China controlled by Japan.
91
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere:
Japanese imperialist concept during WWII.
92
Mahatma:
Honorific title for Gandhi, meaning "great soul".
93
Jomo Kenyatta:
First President of Kenya.
94
Leopold Sedar Senghor:
First President of Senegal.
95
Adolf Hitler:
Leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany.
96
Neville Chamberlain:
British Prime Minister known for his policy of appeasement.
97
Sudetenland:
Region of Czechoslovakia claimed by Germany.
98
Nuremberg Laws:
Anti-Semitic laws in Nazi Germany.
99
Anschluss:
Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany.
100
Munich Agreement:
Pact between Britain, France, Germany, and Italy allowing Germany to annex Sudetenland.
101
Rome-Berlin Axis:
Alliance between Italy and Germany during WWII.
102
Anti-Comintern Pact:
Agreement between Germany and Japan against the Comintern.
103
Axis Powers:
WWII coalition including Germany, Italy, and Japan.
104
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact:
Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union before WWII.
105
Nazis:
Members of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.
106
Third Reich:
Nazi regime under Hitler, 1933-1945.
107
Appeasement:
Policy of making concessions to avoid conflict.
108
Lend-Lease Act:
U.S. program providing aid to Allied nations during WWII.
109
Battle of Britain:
WWII aerial battle between the Royal Air Force and the Luftwaffe.
110
Siege of Leningrad:
Prolonged military blockade by German and Finnish forces during WWII.
111
Pearl Harbor:
Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii, December 7, 1941.
112
Battle of Stalingrad:
Major WWII battle between German and Soviet forces.
113
Battle of the Coral Sea:
Naval battle fought in the Pacific Theater of WWII.
114
Battle of Midway Island:
Turning point naval battle in the Pacific Theater of WWII.
115
Guadalcanal:
Major WWII battle in the Pacific Theater.
116
Island-hopping:
Military strategy employed by Allied forces in the Pacific Theater.
117
D-Day:
Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944.
118
Battle of the Bulge:
Major WWII battle in the Ardennes region of Belgium.
119
V-E Day:
Victory in Europe Day, marking the end of WWII in Europe.
120
Hiroshima:
Japanese city where the first atomic bomb was dropped by the U.S. in WWII.
121
Nagasaki:
Japanese city where the second atomic bomb was dropped by the U.S. in WWII.
122
V-J Day:
Victory over Japan Day, marking the end of WWII.
123
Nonaggression Pact (WWII):
Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union not to attack each other.
124
Atlantic Charter:
Joint declaration issued by Roosevelt and Churchill in 1941 outlining their goals for the post-war world.
125
Winston Churchill:
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during WWII.
126
Douglas MacArthur:
American general who commanded Allied forces in the Pacific Theater during WWII.
127
Blitzkrieg:
Lightning warfare, a military strategy employed by Germany in WWII.
128
Aircraft carrier:
Warship designed to carry and launch aircraft.
129
Armistice Day:
November 11, 1918, marking the end of WWI.
130
Bombing of Dresden:
WWII bombing raid by Allied forces on the German city of Dresden.
131
Genocide:
Deliberate extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.
132
Armenians:
Ethnic group targeted for genocide by the Ottoman Empire during WWI.
133
Tutsis:
Ethnic group targeted for genocide in Rwanda in 1994.
134
Hutus:
Ethnic group involved in the genocide of Tutsis in Rwanda.
135
Balkanization:
Process of fragmentation or division of a region into smaller regions.
136
Omar al-Bashir:
Former President of Sudan indicted for genocide and crimes against humanity.
137
The Lost Generation:
Term referring to the generation of writers who came of age during WWI.
