unit 7

Question 1

What are communicable diseases?

Answer 1

Diseases transmitted by a pathogen.

Question 2

Define a pathogen.

Answer 2

A disease-causing organism.

Question 3

Name the different types of pathogens that cause communicable diseases.

Answer 3

• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Protozoa
• Fungi

Question 4

What is a virus?

Answer 4

Genetic material surrounded by a protein shell.

Question 5

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 5

They use the host cell to reproduce.

Question 6

Give examples of viral diseases.

Answer 6

• Cold
• Influenza
• Chickenpox

Question 7

What are bacteria?

Answer 7

Single-celled organisms with different shapes.

Question 8

What are some examples of bacterial diseases?

Answer 8

• Strep throat
• Pneumonia

Question 9

What role do bacteria play in the human body?

Answer 9

They have critical functions in digestion.

Question 10

What are fungi?

Answer 10

Organisms that absorb nutrients from their surroundings.

Question 11

Provide examples of fungal infections.

Answer 11

• Athlete’s foot
• Yeast infections
• Lung infections

Question 12

What are protozoa?

Answer 12

Single-celled organisms more complex than bacteria.

Question 13

What is an example of a protozoan disease?

Answer 13

Malaria

Question 14

How are communicable diseases spread through direct contact?

Answer 14

Physical contact with an infected organism.

Question 15

How can pathogens be transmitted through food and water?

Answer 15

By eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Question 16

What is a vector?

Answer 16

An organism that carries pathogens to other organisms.

Question 17

How can airborne pathogens spread?

Answer 17

They remain suspended in the air and are inhaled.

Question 18

What are contaminated objects?

Answer 18

Objects that carry pathogens through contact.

Question 19

What is the primary treatment for bacterial infections?

Answer 19

Antibiotics.

Question 20

How do viral infections typically resolve?

Answer 20

The immune system takes care of it by itself.

Question 21

What are anti-viral drugs used for?

Answer 21

Specific viral infections like herpes or HIV.

Question 22

How are antifungal medications administered?

Answer 22

Orally or topically.

Question 23

What are vaccinations?

Answer 23

Mixtures that prepare the immune system to fight pathogens.

Question 24

What is the difference between active and passive immunization?

Answer 24

• Active immunization: Preventive vaccines that create defenses.
• Passive immunization: Provides immediate defenses against pathogens.

Question 25

What are some common vaccines?

Answer 25

* Chickenpox * Diphtheria * Tetanus * Pertussis

Question 26

What should you do before traveling to a country with known diseases?

Answer 26

Take necessary vaccinations.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The treatment of infectious diseases includes medication, alleviation of symptoms, and _______.

Answer 27

prevention

Question 28

What are the two main types of body defenses against pathogens?

Answer 28

Nonspecific body defenses and specific body defenses ## Footnote Nonspecific defenses include physical and chemical barriers, while specific defenses involve the immune system.

Question 29

What is the role of the skin in protecting the body?

Answer 29

Blocks pathogens from the outside environment ## Footnote The skin acts as a physical barrier against various threats.

Question 30

How do sweat and tears contribute to the body's defense?

Answer 30

They wash off pathogens trying to penetrate the skin ## Footnote They also contain enzymes that help destroy pathogens.

Question 31

What is the function of mucus membranes?

Answer 31

Block pathogens from entering the body ## Footnote Mucus in the nose is a common example.

Question 32

What is the role of stomach acid in the immune system?

Answer 32

Destroys pathogens ingested through food ## Footnote It prevents illness by neutralizing harmful microorganisms.

Question 33

What triggers the inflammatory response?

Answer 33

Injury, such as cuts or burns ## Footnote This response involves blood vessel dilation and swelling to block pathogen spread.

Question 34

What are phagocytes?

Answer 34

White blood cells that destroy pathogens ## Footnote They play a critical role in the immune response.

Question 35

What distinguishes the immune system from nonspecific defenses?

Answer 35

Targets specific foreign substances and reacts quickly to previously encountered threats ## Footnote It includes a memory function for faster responses.

Question 36

What are antigens?

Answer 36

Proteins on the surface of cells and viruses ## Footnote The immune system learns to identify good and threatening antigens.

Question 37

What are the two types of white blood cells involved in the immune response?

Answer 37

T cells and B cells ## Footnote T cells attack antigens, while B cells produce antibodies.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: To maintain a healthy immune system, it is important to have proper _______.

Answer 38

[nutrition] ## Footnote Proper nutrition provides the necessary fuel for the immune system.

Question 39

What lifestyle factors help improve immune system function?

Answer 39

Proper nutrition, adequate rest, and daily physical activity ## Footnote These factors support overall health and immune efficiency.

Question 40

How can individuals prevent the spread of diseases?

Answer 40

Avoid sharing personal items, wash hands regularly, stay away from public places when ill ## Footnote Limiting exposure to sick individuals is also crucial.

Question 41

What is the importance of regular medical checkups?

Answer 41

To monitor health and receive necessary vaccinations ## Footnote Regular checkups help identify health issues early.

Question 42

What role do community clinics play in disease prevention?

Answer 42

Provide free or low-cost medical services and vaccinations ## Footnote They help treat illnesses and respond to outbreaks.

Question 43

What is the purpose of community warning systems?

Answer 43

To alert communities about potential communicable disease threats ## Footnote They provide strategies to avoid disease spread during outbreaks.

Question 44

How do water systems contribute to disease prevention?

Answer 44

Prevent contamination of drinking and sewer water ## Footnote They treat water to reduce the risk of illness.

Question 45

What regulations help prevent foodborne diseases?

Answer 45

Food handling regulations and the use of clean water ## Footnote Thorough cooking and washing of food are also essential.