Unit 7 Flashcards
The nature-or-nurture debate weaves itself through nearly every part of psychology. This is especially true in the development of children.
Which of the following analogies BEST describes the relationship between Vygotsky’s work and Chomsky’s work?
. Chomsky is to development as Vygotsky
is to stagnation
Daniel, president of his fraternity, is in charge of choosing a new alarm code for the house. He just finished a cognitive psychology course where he was introduced to George Miller’s research. Daniel wants to choose a number his brother will remember.
Which of the following numbers would be the BEST choice?
two groups of three digits and one group of four digits
Memory for automatic activities like tying one’s shoe or riding a bike is known as
procedural memory
Carl is studying for his AP Psychology test. After the first day, he only remembers the first few words. To improve his retention, he should apply Ebbinghaus’ findings.
by spacing his study sessions out throughout next week
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, which of the following types of memory houses detailed visual information for less than a second?
iconic
Matthew and Jonathan see each other for the first time in twenty years at a class reunion. They immediately recall the winning play of the state championship game they played in together as seniors in high school.
episodic memory
Hakeem remembers how to get from his dorm room to the Center for Psychological Learning after the second week on campus.
automatic processing
Your friend asks the name of a song you’re listening to on the radio. You know the name but just cannot recall it at the moment.
tip-of-the-tongue phenomena
Sally goes to a dog park and sees many young dogs catching frisbees and doing tricks. She wishes her old, trust dog could do a trick, but she believes he is too old to learn any new information.
Which of the following concepts supports her belief?
proactive interference
Noam Chomsky believed which of the following about language?
children are born with the ability to acquire language
When he was in third grade, Sammy’s parents were convinced he would get a soccer scholarship. They even hired a special trainer. Sammy did drills over and ove runtil he did not have to think about performing certain skills.
Which of the following BEST describes Sammy’s training?
Overlearning
Wolfgang Kohler’s experiment involving Sultan, a chimpanzee who was given two hollow bamboo sticks to retrieve a banana beyond his reach, led to the conclusion that the ability to reach a sudden solution can be described using which of the following terms?
insight
Jimmy was making a fruit smoothie in a blender but forgot to close the machine. In a tragic set of circumstances, he woke up in the hospital of no idea of what happened.
Which of the following BEST explains his symptoms?
retrogade amnesia
In a classic case of amnesia, Clive Wearing retained the ability to play piano, but lost the ability to form new long term explicit memories. This amnesia was most likely caused by damage to his:
hippocampus
While short-term memory lasts for less than a minute, its duration may be extended through:
rehearsal
Your best friend insists that cramming several hours the night before an exam is the most effective study method. After taking a psychology course, you inform the friend that she could spend less overall time studying if she would just do a little bit at a time every night the week leading up to a test.
the spacing effect
If you have difficulty remembering this year’s Spanish vocabulary because of the French classes you have taken in previous years, you are experiencing:
proactive interference
Hames had not thought about a former soccer teammate for years. After going to a restaurant that they used to go to after practice, James could not help but think of his old teammate.
James’ memory of his old teammate likely occurred because of which of the following?
context-dependent memory
One day on her way home from work, Nancy witnessed a suspect fleeing the scene of a bank robbery. Police asked her to come to the station where she picked the suspect out of a line-up.
This is an example of
recognition
Martha quickly recalls the names of all five great lakes by saying “H.O.M.E.S.! Huron, Ontario, Michigran, Erie, Superior”
a menemonic device
On the first day of class, you play a name game in which you say your name and repeat the names of every student ahead of you in the line. You confidently practice and remember everyone’s name when it is you turn until you come to the person directly in front of you. You cannot remember this student’s name!
next in line effect
A classic demonstration of memory requires two groups of students to memorize a list of sentences. One group is instructed to rate sentences on how easy they are to pronounce. The other group must rate the sentences according to how easy it is to form a mental picture of the statement. Afterward, students in the visualization group remember more content from the sentences than students in the pronunciation group.
This result is due to differences in
levels of processing
Rama frequently complains to Suzy about her parents. Suzy notices that Rama repeats teh same stories and that each time, Rama’s stories change and become more elaborate. She has occasionally pointed out Rama’s increasing exaggeratoin, but Rama swears she is remembering accurately.
Which term BEST explaisn what is happening with Rama’s stories?
reconstructive memory
While looking through a family album, Eric insists that he remembers the family beach trip pictured in the album, even though he was onl ytwo years old. His older brother insists that he does not really remember the trip, he has just heard the family stories while looking through the album so many times that he thinks it is an actual memory.
Eric’s brother is claiming that he is experiencing
source amnesia
