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Bio > Unit 7 Chromosomes, genes and DNA > Flashcards

Unit 7 Chromosomes, genes and DNA Flashcards

1
Q

chromosome?

A

a thread like structure made up of DNA. chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of genes

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2
Q

mitosis?

A

mitosis is a type of cell devision where chromosome numbers and genetic composition in the daughter cells remains the same as the mother cell; as there is duplication of DNA

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3
Q

Genes?

A

A length of DNA that codes for a protein. it carries genetic information

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4
Q

DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid- it is a biomolecule (a chemical found in most living organisms) - it is the genetic material found in most living organisms

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5
Q

what are the 2 gametes?

A

Sperm and Ovum/egg

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6
Q

what are gametes?

A

specialised cells for reproduction

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7
Q

zygote?

A

the first cell that is formed after fertilisation or the fusion of male and female gametes

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8
Q

order of cells formed after fertilisation

A

zygote–>embryo–>foetus–>baby

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9
Q

haploid?

A

(half)only 1 set of chromosomes present in a cell

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10
Q

diploid?

A

(double) 2 sets of chromosomes present in a cell

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11
Q

XX is what gender

A

Female

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12
Q

who is the baby’s gender dependent on?

A

the father. because weather the X chromosome is passed down or the Y chromosome is dependent on the paternal chromosomes

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13
Q

inheritance?

A

passing on DNA (as chromosomes containing genes) from parents to offspring

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14
Q

“sex inheritance”?

A

determining the sex of the baby

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15
Q

list 5 parts of the sperm cell

A

acrosome, tail, nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm

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16
Q

list 3 parts of the egg cell

A

nucleus, cytoplasm(food reserves) , cell membrane

17
Q

difference between internal and external fertilisation

A

Internal reproduction takes place inside the body
External reproduction takes place outside the body

18
Q

where does mitosis occur and where does meiosis occur

A

mitosis occurs in the reproductive cells only while meiosis occurs in all cells except the reproductive cells

19
Q

alleles?

A

different versions of a gene

20
Q

list examples of alleles for the gene hair colour

A
  • black
  • blonde
  • brown
  • red
21
Q

dominant alleles

A

always express themselves

22
Q

Recessive alleles

A

cant express themselves when a dominant allele is present

23
Q

phenotype of this :
Tt

A

Tall

24
Q

Genotypes if the offspring is tall

A

Tt or TT

25
Q

genotypic ratio for:
1. TT
2. tt
3. Tt

A
  1. 1:0
  2. 1:0
  3. 3:1
26
Q

Genotypic ratio for:
1. TT xTT
2. tt x tt
3. Tt x Tt

A
  1. 1:0
  2. 1:0
  3. 1:2:1
27
Q

if a girl can roll her tongue (T), but her husband cant (t):
1. parents
2. gametes
3. punnet grid
4. offspring

A
  1. Tt x tt
    or
    TT x tt
  2. T t x t t
    or
    T T x t t
  3. do in nb
  4. ratio of 1:1 cant roll tongue
    or
    all offspring call roll their tongue
28
Q

homozygous alleles?

A

of the same type

29
Q

heterozygous alleles

A

of different types

30
Q

if PP a purple flowered plant x a white flowered plant:
1. offspring probabilities
2. phenotype
3. genotype

A
  1. 1:0
  2. Purple
  3. Pp
31
Q

if Pp a purple plant is self-pollinated :
1.offspring probabilities
2.phenotype
3.genotype

A
  1. 3:1
  2. 75% purple 25% white offspring
  3. PP or Pp or pp
32
Q

if Pp a purple flowered plant x a white flowered plant:
offspring probabilities
phenotype
genotype

A
  1. 1:1
  2. 50% chance of white or purple offspring
  3. Pp or pp
33
Q

long wing = W
short wing = w
heterozygous x homozygous recessive:

phenotypic ratio?
phenotype?
genotype?

A
  1. 1:1
  2. 50% either short or long
  3. Ww or ww
34
Q

Long hair = H
short hair = h
heterozygous x heterozygous:

punnet square
phenotypic ratio
genotypic ratio
phenotype
genotype

A
  1. in nb
  2. 3:1
  3. 1:2:1
  4. 75% long hair 25% short hair
  5. HH or Hh or hh
35
Q

does the length of the chromosomes get shorter or longer?

A

shorter with the first set being the longest, the second set being second longest and so on

36
Q

why cant we usually see chromosomes even with microscopes?

A

chromosomes only become visible with a light microscope when a cell is dividing and also need to be coloured using special stains

37
Q

does RBC have chromosomes?

A

no because it doesn’t have a nucleus

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