Unit 7- Electrons

Question 1

Hund’s rule

Answer 1

Electrons fill one per orbital in the same sublevel before pairing up
-If they have the option, they will pick another orbital rather than join an orbital where they have to share with another electron

Question 2

Thompson model

Answer 2

• 1870

- Plum pudding with the one positive charge and multiple negative charges

Question 3

Electrons are place in orbitals of lowest energy was first stated by

Answer 3

Aufbau

Question 4

What aspects of Bohr’s model did we change

Answer 4

• Electrons do not move around in predictable paths

- Shapes of orbitals are not all circular

Question 5

Color speed relationship

Answer 5

All are the same

3.00x 10^8 m/s

Question 6

How do you tell how big an electron jump is

Answer 6

The bigger the electron jump, the bigger the energy

Question 7

What color has the longest wavelength

Answer 7

Red

Question 8

Pauli Exclusion principal

Answer 8

Maximum 2 electrons per orbital with opposite spins

Question 9

How do energy and wavelength relate

Answer 9

They are opposites

-With high energy, there is low wavelength

Question 10

JJ Thompson discovery

Answer 10

• Energy is moved by a magnet-> energy beam has a negative charge
• “something” has mass
• Particle
• Subparticle inside an atom (metal)
• Plum pudding model (pudding is positive and plums are negative)

Question 11

Most stable orbitals

Answer 11

1. Completely filled up P orbitals
2. Completely filled other orbitals (D,S,F)
3. Exactly half filled orbitals

Question 12

Problems with Bohr

Answer 12

• Heisenberg Uncertainty principle: 1920’s
• It is impossible to know both the location and velocity of electrons
• We are no longer looking for exact locations-> now we’re looking for where they are likely located “areas of probability” (90% of the time)

Question 13

How do frequency and wavelength relate

Answer 13

As wavelength decreases, frequency increases as long as speed is maintained

• Wavelength times frequency equals speed of wave (3.00 times 10^8 meters per sec
• W times F = C

Question 14

Wavelength

Answer 14

The distance between consecutive waves (represented by w or an upside down y)

Question 15

Orbital notation rule

Answer 15

Electrons spread out before they pair up and pair up before they move up.

Question 16

What orbital is shaped like a 4 leaf clover

Answer 16

D orbitals

Question 17

F orbital

• Shape
• Number of orbitals
• First energy level
• Number of electrons

Answer 17

Shape- complicated
# of orbitals- 7
1st energy level- 4
# of electrons- 14

Question 18

Schrodinger’s Wave mechanical modle

Answer 18

Calculated “regions of probability” (orbitals) for electrons

about 90% of the time or for 90% of electrons

Question 19

What aspects of Bohr’s model did we keep

Answer 19

• Energy levels established by Bohr have remained the same

- Electrons moving outside the nucleus have remained the same

Question 20

Orbital notation

Answer 20

Shows whether elections are are paired or unpaired and whether the orbitals are empty or full
-This effects stability

Question 21

How do the +/- work with electrons

Answer 21

+ # electrons is losing electrons

- # electrons is gaining electrons

Question 22

p orbital

• Shape
• Number of orbitals
• First energy level
• Number of electrons

Answer 22

Shape: Infinity sign
# of orbitals: 3
1st energy level: 2
# of electrons- 6

Question 23

Orbital conclusion

Answer 23

Electrons will spread out before they pair up and pair up before they move up in energy

Question 24

D orbital

• Shape
• Number of orbitals
• First energy level
• Number of electrons

Answer 24

Shape- four leaf clover or infinity sign through a donut
# of orbitals- 5
1st energy level- 3
# of electrons- 10

Question 25

Why do noble gases not react

Answer 25

They are the most stable, they have completely filled P orbitals, everything else will try to get higher on the list and if they can't get higher, they tend to be relatively stable. (If it is difficult to move up, they are stable bc they don't want to move down)

Question 26

Building to a new model- Debroglie

Answer 26

-1923 -Theory that matter has wavelike properties w= h divided by mass time velocity -We don't see wave movement because the wavelength is so incredibly small.H= 6.626 times 10 neg 34

Question 27

Energy

Answer 27

Energy of a wave is directly related to frequency (represented by e)

Question 28

Frequency

Answer 28

The number of waves that pass in a second (represented by f)

Question 29

Unstable wave pattern

Answer 29

-When energy is added, it collapses and doesn't create color that we can see because it emits color too quickly for us to see it before it collapses

Question 30

What color would correspond to the largest electron jump out of: Blue, Red, yellow, and orange

Answer 30

Blue, bigger energy means bigger jump

Question 31

Aufbau principle

Answer 31

Electrons fill the lowest available energy orbitals first

Question 32

S orbital - Shape - Number of orbitals - First energy level - Number of electrons

Answer 32

Shape- Circle or sphere # of orbitals: 1 1st energy level: 1 # of electrons: 2

Question 33

What scientist is credited with the idea that particles have wavelike properties

Answer 33

DeBroglie

Question 34

Color highest to lowest energy

Answer 34

``` Violet (smallest wavelength) Blues Greens Yellows Oranges Reds (highest wavelength) ```

Question 35

If a sample of EM radiation has a long wavelength,it has a relatively_____ energy

Answer 35

Low

Question 36

Bohr's model of the atom was the

Answer 36

Solar system model

Question 37

Stable wave pattern

Answer 37

- Traces same path | - When energy is added it makes color that we can see because it emits color for a long enough time that we can see it

Question 38

Least stable orbitals

Answer 38

-Partially filled orbitals

Question 39

Building to a new model- -Planck and Einstein

Answer 39

- Working with light | - Light has dual nature (wave properties and particle properties)

Question 40

Dalton model

Answer 40

-1807 | Just a circle

Question 41

Rutherford/Bohr model

Answer 41

- 1910/1930 | - Orbital system. One center and multiple rings around the center