Unit 7 Fitness Trackers: Module 2

Question 1

What is the complexity of the human body?

Answer 1

Consists of over 30 trillion cells organized into specialized tissues and organs.

Question 2

What are cells?

Answer 2

Cells are the smallest unit of life with the ability to grow, develop, use energy and nutrients.

Question 3

How many different types of cells are there in the human body?

Answer 3

About 200 different types of cells in the human body.

Question 4

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Animal cells that have a nucleus and internal compartments called organelles.

Question 5

What is a tissue?

Answer 5

A collection of similar cells that perform a common function in the body.

Question 6

What are the four types of tissues?

Answer 6

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous.

Question 7

What are the functions of epithelial tissues?

Answer 7

Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.

Question 8

What are the functions of connective tissues?

Answer 8

Binds, connects, and supports body parts.

Question 9

What are the functions muscular of tissues?

Answer 9

Allows for movement of body parts.

Question 10

What are the functions of nervous tissues?

Answer 10

Receives stimuli and transmits information as nerve impulses.

Question 11

What are organs?

Answer 11

Organs are structures composed of multiple tissue types that perform specific functions.

Question 12

What are organ systems?

Answer 12

Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

Question 13

What is homeostasis?

Answer 13

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within acceptable ranges.

Question 14

What mechanism does the body use to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 14

The body uses negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.

Question 15

What are the two circuits of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 15

Systemic Circuit and Pulmonary Circuit

Question 16

What is the function of the Systemic Circuit?

Answer 16

Serves major organ systems, carrying oxygenated blood through arteries and deoxygenated blood through veins.

Question 17

What is the function of the Pulmonary Circuit?

Answer 17

Transports blood to and from the lungs, carrying deoxygenated blood through arteries and oxygenated blood through veins.

Question 18

What is a stimulus in the context of negative feedback?

Answer 18

The condition being measured (e.g., body temperature, blood glucose levels).

Question 19

What is the role of the control center in negative feedback?

Answer 19

The organ or tissue that makes changes to adjust the internal condition.

Question 20

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 20

The cardiovascular system moves nutrients, gases, and waste materials in the body.

Question 21

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 21

Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins

Question 22

What are the functions of Arteries?

Answer 22

Arteries carry blood under pressure to tissues.

Question 23

What are the functions of Capillaries?

Answer 23

Capillaries are narrow, thin-walled vessels where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occurs.

Question 24

What are the functions of Veins?

Answer 24

Veins return blood to the heart, usually with interior valves to keep blood moving under low pressure.

Question 25

What is the structure of the heart?

Answer 25

The heart has two pumps (right side for pulmonary circuit, left side for systemic circuit) with two chambers each (atria and ventricles).

Question 26

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 26

The respiratory system exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the external environment.

Question 27

What are the components of the respiratory system?

Answer 27

Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi and bronchioles, Lung, Alveoli, and Diaphragm

Question 28

Funtion of the Nasal Cavity

Answer 28

Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air.

Question 29

Funtion of the Pharynx

Answer 29

Connects nasal cavities to the larynx.

Question 30

Funtion of the Larynx

Answer 30

Contains vocal cords, responsible for making sounds.

Question 31

Funtion of the Trachea

Answer 31

Connects larynx to bronchi.

Question 32

Funtion of the Bronci and Bronchioles

Answer 32

Connect trachea to lungs, further dividing into smaller tubes.

Question 33

Funtion of the Lung

Answer 33

Organ of gas exchange.

Question 34

Funtion of the Alveoli

Answer 34

Small sacs that exchange gas with pulmonary capillaries.

Question 35

Funtion of the Diaphragm

Answer 35

Muscle responsible for changes in air pressure for breathing.

Question 36

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 36

Processes nutrients needed to power cells, tissues, and organs.

Question 37

What are the organs of the digestive system?

Answer 37

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Accessory organs.

Question 38

Funtion of the Mouth

Answer 38

Breaks up food and begins chemical digestion.

Question 39

Funtion of the Esophagus

Answer 39

Transports food to the stomach.

Question 40

Funtion of the Stomach

Answer 40

Mechanical mixing and protein digestion.

Question 41

Funtion of the Small Intestine

Answer 41

Major organ of digestion and absorption.

Question 42

Funtion of the Large Intestine

Answer 42

Eliminates undigested materials and reabsorbs water and salts.

Question 43

What are examples of Accessory organs

Answer 43

Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.

Question 44

What is the role of the urinary system?

Answer 44

The urinary system excretes waste material, regulates water-salt and acid-base balances in the blood, and filters blood through the kidneys to produce urine.

Question 45

What are the stages of urine formation?

Answer 45

Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion.

Question 46

In the stages of urine formation, what is Filtration?

Answer 46

Small substances are forced into the glomerular capsule.

Question 47

In the stages of urine formation, what is Reabsorption?

Answer 47

Water, sugars, and other compounds are reabsorbed into the blood.

Question 48

In the stages of urine formation, what is Secretion?

Answer 48

Additional waste materials are added to the tubules, forming urine.

Question 49

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 49

The nervous system detects stimuli, interprets information, and delivers responses to tissues and organs.

Question 50

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 50

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 51

What is the function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 51

Brain and spinal cord, where information processing occurs.

Question 52

What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 52

Paired nerves that transfer information to and from the CNS.

Question 53

Function of Sensory Neurons

Answer 53

Take information from sensors to interneurons.

Question 54

Function of Interneurons Neurons

Answer 54

Located in CNS, processes signals.

Question 55

Function of Motor Neurons

Answer 55

Send responses from CNS to target tissues or organs.

Question 56

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 56

The endocrine system regulates internal conditions using hormones.

Question 57

What are the two classes of hormones?

Answer 57

Steroid Hormones and Peptide Hormones.

Question 58

Function of Steriod Hormones

Answer 58

Lipid-based, target a wide range of cells, often influence gene expression (e.g., estrogen, testosterone).

Question 59

Function of Peptide Hormones

Answer 59

Protein-based, interact with cell surface receptors, invoke responses within cells (e.g., insulin).

Question 60

What is the role of the skeletal system?

Answer 60

The skeletal system provides support, protection, and storage for calcium.

Question 61

What are the two components of the skeletal system?

Answer 61

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton.

Question 62

Function of Axial Skelaton

Answer 62

Center part of the body.

Question 63

Function of Appendicular Skelaton

Answer 63

Arms and legs.

Question 64

What are synovial joints?

Answer 64

Synovial joints are associated with movement, fluid-filled, containing cartilage shock absorbers and bursae.

Question 65

What is the function of the muscular system?

Answer 65

Works with the skeletal system for movement, maintains body temperature, and helps regulate blood flow.

Question 66

What are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 66

Cardiac Tissue, Smooth Muscle, Skeletal Muscle

Question 67

Cardiac Tissue

Answer 67

Involuntary, allows heart contraction.

Question 68

Smooth Muscle

Answer 68

Involuntary, lines internal organs.

Question 69

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 69

Voluntary, associated with movement.

Question 70

What is the process of muscle contraction?

Answer 70

* Muscle fibers contain myofibrils with contractile units called sarcomeres; they contain thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin) * During contraction, actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomeres.