unit: 7 genetics

Question 1

is the study of heredity. Genetics involves studying how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

Traits

Answer 3

Traits

Question 4

Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. A chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA containing many genes.

Answer 4

Chromosome

Question 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule made up of nucleotides that contains genetic information for cell growth, division and function.

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

A gene is a segment on a chromosome that determines a specific trait. Genes are the units of heredity.

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

a different form or version of a gene - alleles usually occur in pairs

Answer 7

allele

Question 8

a gene variant that is expressed more strongly than other versions of the same gene - the dominant allele masks the effect of the recessive allele

Answer 8

dominant

Question 9

a gene that is masked by a dominant gene, and is only expressed when two copies of the gene are present

Answer 9

recessive

Question 10

If an organism has two of the same kind of gene for a trait, it is called pure or homozygous.
Example: Homozygous brown eyes (BB) ~ Homozygous blue eyes (bb)

Answer 10

homozygous

Question 11

An organism with two different alleles for a trait is called heterozygous or hybrid.
Example: A heterozygous tall plant (Tt) expresses the dominant allele (T or tall) and thus, is tall.

Answer 11

heterozygous