Unit 7 - Human Nutrition

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

Carbs, fats, proteins, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iron, fibre, water

Question 2

Function of carbs

Answer 2

To provide energy

Question 3

Function of fats

Answer 3

To provide energy

Question 4

Function of proteins

Answer 4

For growth and repair

Question 5

Function of vitamin C

Answer 5

Helps wound healing, good for healthy blood vessels, skin, cartilage & bones

Question 6

Function of vitamin D

Answer 6

Helps regulate calcium & phosphate in the body, keeps teeth, bones and muscles healthy

Question 7

Function of iron

Answer 7

Production of hemoglobin for red blood cells and transportation of oxygen

Question 8

Function of fibre

Answer 8

Helps digestion, moves food & faces along the gut, helps lower risk of Coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and bowel cancer

Question 9

Function of water

Answer 9

About 60% of body mass is water, is needed in almost every process

Question 10

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 10

Rickets - Bone pain, weakness in muscles, bone loss with increased risk of fractures & skeletal deformities

Question 11

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 11

Scurvy - Severe leg pain or join pain, tiredness, weakness, blue or red spots on the skin that bruise easily, swollen and bleeding gums

Question 12

Digestive System processes

Answer 12

1.Ingestion
2.Digestion
3.Absorption
4.Assimilation
5.Egestion

Question 13

Ingestion

Answer 13

The taking in of substances in the body through the mouth

Question 14

Digestion

Answer 14

Breaking food down into nutrients

Question 15

Absorption

Answer 15

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 16

Assimilation

Answer 16

The movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are needed

Question 17

Egestion

Answer 17

The passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed

Question 18

Process of ingestion

Answer 18

• Food taken in the mouth
• Food forms into a bolus which is swallowed
• Waves of muscle contraction in the walls of the esophagus push bolus into the stomach

Question 19

Alimentary canal

Answer 19

The ‘gut’

Question 20

Journey of food

Answer 20

Mouth –> Esophagus –> Stomach –> Small intestine –> Large intestine –> Anus

Question 21

Parts of the small intestine

Answer 21

Duodenum & Ileum

Question 22

Parts of the large intestine

Answer 22

Colon & Rectum

Question 23

Salivary gland

Answer 23

• Produces saliva that is secreted into the mouth
• Saliva mixes with ingested food to make it soft & easy to swallow
• Saliva has amylase, breaks starch into maltose

Question 24

Liver & Gall bladder

Answer 24

• Liver produces bile
• Bile digests fat
• Bile is stored in the gall bladder & released through the bile duct into the duodenum

Question 25

Pancreas

Answer 25

- Secretes pancreatic juice - helps with digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates - Lipase, protease and amylase - Is alkaline to neutralize gastric juice and because of many hydrocarbonate ions

Question 26

Physical Digestion

Answer 26

The mechanical digestion or breakdown of food into smaller pieces, done by the teeth & muscular wall of the stomach

Question 27

Bile

Answer 27

- Bile emulsifies fats into small droplets - Surface area of fat increases and lets lipase digest fats into fatty acids & glycerol

Question 28

Four types of teeth

Answer 28

Incisors, canines, pre-molars, molars

Question 29

Incisors

Answer 29

Sharp, blade-like, for cutting food

Question 30

Canines

Answer 30

Strong, pointed, for tearing food

Question 31

Pre-molars

Answer 31

Combine features of canines and molars, for tearing & grinding food

Question 32

Molars

Answer 32

Broad, fat surface, for crushing and grinding food

Question 33

Structure of teeth

Answer 33

Enamel, Dentine, Pulp, Nerves, Cement, Gums

Question 34

Enamel

Answer 34

Outer white layer of teeth, hardest part of the tooth and body, made of calcium phosphate mineral

Question 35

Dentine

Answer 35

Hard bon-like substance, softer than enamel, majority of tooth, surrounds and connects to pulp

Question 36

Pulp

Answer 36

Forms center of the tooth, contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 37

Nerves

Answer 37

Attached to teeth through holes in the bottom of each tooth, lets one know how hard they are biting and if food is hot or cold

Question 38

Cement

Answer 38

Attached teeth to the jawbone

Question 39

Gums

Answer 39

Forms a layer around the teeth helping to keep teeth in place

Question 40

Amylase

Answer 40

- Secreted in salivary glands & pancreas - Acts in mouth & small intestine - Breaks starch down into maltose

Question 41

Lipase

Answer 41

- Secreted in pancreas - Acts in small intestine - Breaks fat down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 42

Pepsin

Answer 42

- Secreted in the stomach - Acts in the stomach - Breaks protein down into amino acids - Optimum pH - 2

Question 43

Trypsin

Answer 43

- Secreted in the pancreas - Acts in the small intestine - Breaks protein down into amino acids - Optimum pH - 9

Question 44

Maltase

Answer 44

- Secreted in the small intestine - Acts in the small intestine - Breaks maltose down into glucose

Question 45

Gastric Juice

Answer 45

- Mixture secreted in the stomach - Contains hydrochloric acid - Provides acid pH for enzymes to work - Kills bacteria in food and denatures harmful enzymes in microorganisms

Question 46

Chemical digestion

Answer 46

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Question 47

Absorption location

Answer 47

- Digested food is absorbed in the small intestine - Water is absorbed in the small intestine & colon

Question 48

Adaptations of the small intestine

Answer 48

- Walls of the small intestine are covered in villi

Question 49

Function of villi

Answer 49

- Absorb amino acids, simple sugar and water - Increased surface area rapidly absorbs digest food molecules and water into the bloodstream

Question 50

Structure of Villi

Answer 50

- Finger-like projections that increase surface area of the small intestine - Cell membrane of cell lining surface are microvilli - Epithelium is outside lining of villus - Lacteal on inside - absorbs Fays into the lymphatic system - Fluid passes into blood in circulatory system - Capillaries wrapped around lacteal to increase absorption efficiency