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Chemistry-100 > Unit 7 (Organic Compounds) Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Unit 7 (Organic Compounds) Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

What is Organic Chemistry?

A

The study of Carbon containing compounds

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2
Q

How many bonds does carbon have?

A

4 single bonds

2 single and 1 double

1 single and 1 triple

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3
Q

How many bonds does Hydrogen have?

A

One single bond

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4
Q

How many bonds does Oxygen have?

A

2 single bonds or 1 double bond

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5
Q

How many bonds does Nitrogen have?

A

3 single bonds

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6
Q

How many bonds does F, Cl, Br, and I have?

A

1 single bond

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7
Q

What is a functional group?

A

Is an atom, group of atoms, or bond that is present in each molecule of a class of compounds.

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8
Q

What is a Hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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9
Q

What are Hydrocarbons classified as…?

A

Hydrocarbons are classified as aromatic compounds (containing benzene rings) and Aliphatics (all other hydrocarbons)

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10
Q

What is an Alkane?

A

An Alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon composed entirely of single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms

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11
Q

What is the Molecular Formula for all Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2 (n= the # of carbon atoms)

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12
Q

What does the MOLECULAR formula show?

A

The kinds and # of each type of atom in a molecule

ex. C4H10, Butane

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13
Q

What does the EXPANDED structural formula show?

A

It shows each atom and all bonds

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14
Q

What does the CONDENSED structural formula show?

A

It shows all atoms and places them in sequential order

Ex. Butane (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3)

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15
Q

What does the LINE formula show?

A

a line, in which a carbon atom is understood to be at every intersection of the lines

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16
Q

What is the Molecular, Condensed Structural and Alkyl Group for METHANE?

A

Molecular- CH4

Condensed Structural- CH4

Alkyl Group- CH3

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17
Q

What is the Molecular, Condensed Structural and Alkyl Group for Ethane?

A

Molecular-C2H6

Condensed Structural-CH3CH3

Alkyl Group- CH2CH3

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18
Q

What is the Molecular, Condensed Structural and Alkyl Group for Propane?

A

Molecular- C3H8

Condensed Structural- CH3(CH2)CH3

Alkyl Group-

Propyl-CH2CH2CH3 and

Isopropyl-CH3CHCH3

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19
Q

What is the Molecular and Condensed Structural Formula for Butane?

A

Molecular-C4H10

Condensed Structural-CH3(CH2)2CH3

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20
Q

What is the Molecular and Condensed Structural Formula for Pentane?

A

Molecular-C5H12

Condensed Structural-CH3(CH2)3CH3

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21
Q

What is the Molecular and Condensed Structural Formula for Hexane?

A

Molecular-C6H14

Condensed Structural-CH3(CH2)4CH3

22
Q

What is the Molecular and Condensed Structural Formula for Heptane?

A

Molecular-C7H16

Condensed Structural-CH3(CH2)5CH3

23
Q

What is the Molecular and Condensed Structural Formula for Octane?

A

Molecular-C8H18

Condensed Structural-CH3(CH2)6CH3

24
Q

What is the Molecular and Condensed Structural Formula for Nonane?

A

Molecular-C9H20

Condensed Structural-CH3(CH2)7CH3

25
Q

What is the Molecular and Condensed Structural Formula for Decane?

A

Molecular-C10H22

Condensed Structural-CH3(CH2)8CH3

26
Q

What is a Structural Isomer?

A

A Structural Isomer is a molecule that has the

same molecular formula but different structural formulas

*Possible is all Alkanes containing four or more carbon atoms

27
Q

What is an Alkyl group?

A

Is a group derived by removing a single hydrogen atom from an Alkane molecule, thus creating a point of attachment

28
Q

What is a Cycloalkane?

A

Is an Alkane in which carbon atoms are connected to one another in a cyclic (ring) attachment.

*Cycloalkanes have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding Alkanes.

29
Q

What is Combustion?

A

Is a reaction between a substance and oxygen (usually from air) that proceeds with the evolution of heat and light.

Ex. Alkane+ Oxygen–> Carbon Dioxide + Water+ Energy

Ex. CH4 + 2O2—->CO2 + 2H2O + Energy

30
Q

What is Halogenation?

A

Is a reaction between a substance and a halogen group (group VIIA) in which one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of a substance.

Ex. Alkane+ Halogen—> Halogenated Alkane + Hydrogen Halide

CH4+ Cl2—-> CH3Cl + HCL ( Light or heat is needed)

31
Q

What is an Alkene?

A

A unsaturated hydrocarbon that has at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

32
Q

What is the general formula for an Alkenes?

A

CnH2n

33
Q

What is an Alkynes?

A

A unsaturated hydrocarbon that has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

34
Q

What is the general formula for an Alkynes?

A

CnH2n-2

35
Q

What is an Addition Reaction?

A

(Alkenes reaction) the double bond is broken and a single bond is formed at each carbon to new atoms or groups of atoms

36
Q

What is a Generalized Addition Reaction?

A
37
Q

What is the addition of H2 : Hydrogenation?

A
38
Q

What is the addition of Cl2 or Br2 : Halogenation?

A
39
Q

What is the addition of H2O: Hydration?

A
40
Q

What is a benzene?

A

The simplest aromatic compound.

A ring containing six carbon atoms with a single hydrogen atom attached to each carbon.

Each carbon has one single bond and one double bond to neighboring carbon atoms.

41
Q

What is this compound?

A

Ethylbenzene

42
Q

What is this compound?

A

Bromobenzene

43
Q

What is this compound?

A

Chlorobenzene

44
Q

What is this compound?

A

Nitrobenzene

45
Q

What is this compound?

A

Toluene

46
Q

What is this compound?

A

Phenol

47
Q

What is this compound?

A

Aniline

48
Q

What is this compound?

A

Benzoic Acid

49
Q

What is the common name and the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A

Common Name: Ethylene

IUPAC Name: Ethene

50
Q

What is the common name and IUPAC name for this compound?

A

Common Name: Acetylene

IUPAC Name: ethyne

51
Q

What type of isomer is this?

A

Cis Isomer-

two substituted groups are on the same side of double bond.

52
Q

What type of isomer is this?

A

Trans isomer-

two substituted groups on opposite sides of double bond

Chemistry-100 (6 decks)

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