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unit 7 review Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

superior

A

towards the head

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2
Q

inferior

A

away from the head

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3
Q

medial

A

towards the center, midline (right)

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4
Q

lateral

A

away from the center/middle (left)

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5
Q

proximal

A

closer to the core body

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6
Q

closed system

A

hemolymph always contained in blood vessel or chamber

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7
Q

hemolymph

A

blood

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8
Q

ventral

A

near stomach

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9
Q

superficial

A

usually to the skin (outside of body)

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10
Q

deep

A

inside of body

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11
Q

distal

A

further away from body

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12
Q

anterial

A

facing front

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13
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

facing back

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14
Q

sternum

A

ventral/anterial

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15
Q

eye socket

A

medial/proximal to jaw

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16
Q

heart

A

medial/proximal to left lung

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17
Q

circulatory system`

A

transports five substances throughout organism

carbon dioxide, o2, nutrients, cellular waste, nutrients, water

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18
Q

oxygen/o2

A

enters lungs to blood vessel exits circulatory system via cell that needs o2 for cell respiration (diffusion)

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19
Q

co2/carbon dioxide

A

enters cell to blood vessel exits circulatory system to lungs

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20
Q

nutrients (macromolecules)

A

enter small intestine to blood vessel exits circulatory system to cells/cell waste/enters kidneys

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21
Q

water

A

enters via large intestine/skin (superficial cells) to blood vessel exits circulatory system by cells, interstitial fluid (imbetween cells), kidneys, skin

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22
Q

solid waste

A

digestive system

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23
Q

cellular waste

A

in circulatory and excretory system

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24
Q

respiratory system

Study These Flashcards
A

exchange gases between the body and the environment (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

25
how does oxygen enter into lungs?
nasal cavity or mouth, then goes past pharynx to larynx
26
larynx
houses vocal cords and manipulates pitch and volume
27
alveoli
sac-like structures surrounded by capillaries through which gas exchange occurs
28
earthworm circulatory system
transports co2 and o2 through skin
29
dorsal blood vessel
(back, dark) carries blood along the dorsal side of the earthworm
30
ventral blood vessel
(light) carries blood along the ventral side of the earthworm (away from aortic arches)
31
aortic arches
pumps blood from the dorsal blood vessel to the ventral blood vessel
32
capillaries
transport 5 substances to all cells of body
33
mouth
opening of respiratory system
34
nasal cavity
opening of respiratory system; contains cilia in order to expel mucus
35
pharynx
warms, moistens, and filters air before it moves into the trachea
36
larynx
houses vocal cords and manipulates pitch and value
37
trachea
tube with cartilaginous rings that allows gases to move between mouth and bronchi
38
bronchi
branching tubes with cartilage that allow gases to move between the trachea and the bronchioles
39
bronchioles
smallest branching tubes that allow gases to move between the bronchi and alveoli
40
diaphragm
dome-shaped sheet of muscle that contracts to allow negative pressure breathing
41
lungs
large spongy organ that allows for gas exchange, contains bronchi, alveoli, and bronchioles
42
steps of circulatory system
Superior/inferior vena cava-> right atrium -> (valve)-> right ventricle->(pulmonary valve)-> pulmonary artery->(pulmonary arterial, capillaries, veins, etc.)lungs->pulmonary vein->Left atrium ->Left ventricle ->Aorta ->rest of body
43
Superior vena cava
vessel which carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the superior portion of mammalian bodies
44
Inferior vena cava
vessel which carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the inferior portion of mammalian bodies
45
right atrium
collects deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava
46
right ventricle
receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps the blood to the pulmonary artery
47
pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
48
pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood to atriums (right carries blood from right lung to left atrium) (left carries blood from left lung to left atrium)
49
Left atrium
accepts oxygenated blood from lungs
50
Ambulacral groove
groove along center of each ray
51
Tube feet
small, soft structures protruding from lining and sides of ambulacral grooves
52
Madreporite
yellow/red structure on central disc, opening where water enters water vascular system
53
rays
large "arms", usually five
54
Ampullae
circular, bulb like structures which are extensions of tube feet, located on edge of ambulacral groove
55
what makes an organism an animal
One part of cycle they move, alive, sexual reproduction multicellular heterotrophic, eukaryotic, cells without walls
56
How has evolution shaped the diversity of organisms?
certain species evolve and pass down genes, some go extinct due to natural selection
57
steps of water vascular system
madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canals, ampulla, tube feet
58
given that the water vascular system of the sea star functions similarly to a typical circulatory system, list the substances you hypothesize are transported by the water vascular system.
disolved nutrients, waste products, and respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
59
what additional function does the water vascular system have?
the water vascular system uses hydraulic pressure to move its individual tube feet, resulting in locomotion.

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