UNIT 7: Schooler, Adolescent and the Family Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
- this age group is under ages 6 to 12 years old
- they are more engrossed in fact than fantasy
- develop first close peer relationships outside the family group
- Often judged by their performance
- Sense of industry and development of positive self-esteem directly influenced by peer group
A
School Age
2
Q
In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development, School Age is under what stage?
A
Stage 4: Industry vs Inferiority
3
Q
In Freud’s Psychosexual Theory of Development, School Age is at what stage?
A
Stage 4: Latent Stage
4
Q
In Piaget’s Cognitive theory
A
Concrete Operation
5
Q
______ gain is more rapid than increase in ______
A
Weight. Height
6
Q
During the school-age brain has approximately reached adult size. True or False
A
True
7
Q
During the school age, height increases by ______ inches per year
A
1 - 2
8
Q
During the school age, weight increases by ______ kg per year or _____ kg per year
A
1.3 to 2.2; 2 to 3
9
Q
- During this stage, the person becomes more graceful and steadier on their feet.
- leaner, more athletic in appearance
- Slimmer look
- improved posture
- muscles are still functionally immature and readily injured by overuse
A
School Age
10
Q
During school age, there is a decrease in head circumference and waist circumference in relation to standing height. True or False
A
True
11
Q
During the school-age caloric needs are lower. True or False
A
True
12
Q
It is defined as 2 years preceding puberty.
Typically occurs during preadolescence.
A
Prepubescence
13
Q
In girls, prepubescence occurs earlier than boys which is _____ years earlier.
A
2
14
Q
It is an abnormal onset of puberty
A
Precocious Puberty
15
Q
Prepubertal girls are usually taller than boys by _____ inches
A
2
16
Q
This type of motor skill involves the use of large bodily movements
A
Gross Motor Skills
17
Q
This type of motor skill involves the use of small bodily movements
A
Fine Motor Skills
18
Q
During this age, a child can skip, and jump rope; some can ride 2 wheel bicycle
A
6 years old
19
Q
During this age, children plays either “girl games” or “boy games” according to sex.
A
7 years old
20
Q
During this age, children can ride bicycles well. Enjoy sports. Movements are more graceful, but rapid growth of arms and legs may cause frequent stumbling and spills in the table.
A
8 years
21
Q
During this age, a child may have a high energy, always on the go. Coordination improves and enjoys team sports.
A
9 years old
22
Q
Interested in perfecting athletic skills.
A
10 years old
23
Q
More awkward because of a growth spurt. May drop out of sports to avoid embarrassment.
A
11 years old
24
Q
Participates in sports events for charities.
A
12 years old
25
During this age, a child can tie a shoelace, and draw people with details. prints; may reverse letter. Can cut with scissors; pastes; can button and zip clothes; dresses without help.
6 years old
26
During this age a child can start to write in cursive
8 years old
27
Writing begins to look mature and less awkward. Eye-hand coordination is well developed; enjoys crafts
9 years old
28
Fine motor control beings to approximate that of adults
11-12 years old
29
Early school-age children can make sentences that average about ____ to ____ words.
5;7
30
This may be due to hearing problems or intelligence deficits.
Language Delays
31
During this age, a child may begin to tell time and looses tendency to reverse letters.
6 years old
32
Describes situations by cause and effect; writes fairly lengthy essays
12 years old
33
It is one of the most significant skills that the child develops
Ability to read
34
- During this age, a child may start to talk in full sentences using language easily read with meaning.
- They still define object by their use
6 years old
35
- most can tell time in hours but they may have trouble with concepts such as half past and quarter to.
- they know the months of the year and can name the months in which holidays fall
- they can add, subtract, and make simple change
7 years old
36
- During this age group, they can think about language and comment on its properties. This enables them to appreciate jokes, riddles, and puns that involve lay-on words, sounds, or double meanings.
9 years old
37
An ability to think about language and comment on its properties.
Metalinguistic awareness
38
During this age, a child may carry on adult conversation.
12 years old
39
During the school age, a child's personality development appears to be _____ or _____.
non-active or dormant
40
Failure to develop a sense of accomplishment may result in a sense of ______.
inferiority
41
Mastering new skills and assuming new responsibilities.
intrinsic motivation
42
Reinforcement in the form of grades, material rewards, additional privileges, and recognition.
extrinsic motivqtion
43
It is considered as a strong motivating factor.
Peer Approval
44
During school-age, ______ is vital to children as this is how they learn more about the world's rules.
Conformity
45
This aspect of life is very important during this age group.
Peer Group
46
During school age, sex roles are strongly influenced by ______.
Peer relationships
47
During this age, they play in groups but when tired or stress, they prefer one to one contact.
6 years old
48
Aware of family roles and responsibilities, promises must be kept because they view them as definite, firm commitments. They tattle because they have a deep sense of justice.
7 years old
49
Seek company of other children, has close friends of same sex
8 years old
50
Value peer group seriously, dressing is influenced by peer group, friend or club age/gang age
9 years old
51
Enjoys privacy, have their own bedrooms, one of the best gift is box that locks
10 years old
52
Girls increasingly interested in boys and vice versa
11 years old
53
Feel more comfortable in social situations than before
12 years old
54
Collects items
7 years old
55
Like table games but hate to loose
8 years old
56
play hard, begin music lesson and use of social media
9 years old
57
playing screen games, slumber parties and campouts
10 years old
58
Enjoy dancing and playing table games
11 - 12 years old
59
- During this age, children become know-it-all all
- crave attention
- has a good sense of humor
6 years old
60
- perfectionist, self-critical
- becomes more sensitive, reflective, and quiet
- wants to be liked by peers
- a strong sense of justice
- aware of family roles
- believes promises are important
7 years old
61
- Happy, cooperative with peers
- Happy has a best friend
- Dislikes being alone
- Enjoys talking to a phone
- enjoys dramatic play
8 years old
62
- Joins clubs; likes secret codes and rituals
- peer opinions are more important than parents
- hero worship continues
9-10 years old
63
- loyal to friends and team-
- has a best friend
- Boys tease the opposite sex; girls flirt with boys
- needs privacy
- time alone
11 - 12 years old
64
What is the most ideal time of sex education
Middle Childhood
65
The ability to project one's self into other people's situations and see the world from their viewpoint rather than focusing only on their own view.
Decentering
66
The ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived such as understanding that there can be more than one reason for other people's action.
Accommodation
67
The ability to appreciate that the change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size. School-age child is not fooled by perception.
Conservation
68
The ability that objects can belong to more than one classification. Necessary for learning mathematics and reading.
Class inclusion
69
During this age, a child starts to develop a concept of time.
7 - 8 years old
70
During this age, a child is able to order, categorize, classify object as evidenced in increased interest in collection
9 years old
71
Like to talk, discuss different subjects, and debate and can understand what society deems unacceptable.
12 years old
72
Refers to children's ability to consider two or more pieces of information at one time when solving a problem.
Decreasing Concentration
73
Can think through a sequence of actions in their minds, and then reverse it to arrive back where they started.
Reversibility of Mental Sequence
74
Understand that the identity of the set remains the same despite the fact that its physical properties are rearranged.
Set identity
75
Children understand that some properties of an object remain the same even if they have acted on that object to alter its appearance.
Conservation of physical properties
76
A piece of clay remains the same mass whether it is rolled in a snake or clamped together.
Conservation of mass
77
10 M&Ms are 10M&Ms whether they are arranged in one row or two rows
Conservation of Number
78
Refers to the ability to understand the relationship between subordinate and superordinate classes.
Hierarchal classification
79
This understanding is the basis for addition and subtraction.
Hierarchical classifications
80
Skills become more complex. Children can categorize things along two dimensions simultaneously.
Matrix Classification
81
Physical matter does not appear and disappear by magic. They learn that certain properties of the environment are not changed simply by altering their disposition in space.
Conservation
82
During this age reward and punishment guide choices.
6-7 years
83
They expect punishment for misbehavior.
Children
84
A conscious awareness of a variety of self-perceptions.
Self Concept
85
This leads to feelings of self-respect, self-confidence, and happiness
Positive Self-Concept
86
Is what children think about their bodies and is influenced, but not solely determined by significant others.
Body Image
87
Is children's pictures of their individual worth and consist of both positive and negative qualities.
Self-esteem
88
If they have mastered this, they will be able to face the world with feelings of pride rather than shame.
autonomy and initiative
89
During middle childhood the opinion of ___ and ___ are important.
Pears and teachers
90
It is second to the family as a socializing agent.
School
91
What nutrients are required for teething and pre-puberty?
Iron, Fluoride and Calcium
92
What is the average amount of sleep at night by school children?
9 and 1/2
93
During this age, deciduous teeth are gradually lost (usually central incisors and permanent teeth erupt.
6 years
94
What is the average number of teeth of a child between 6-12 years of age?
28 teeth
95
It is considered the most common injury and death-related instances in school-age children.
Motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian and passenger
96
School-age children mature slowly but steadily. true or false
True
97
When do the children start to develop secondary sex characteristics?
10 years of age
98
What are the common health problems during the school age?
Minor respiratory
gastrointestinal infections
Dental carries
99
What are common parental concerns during school age period.
language and development
fears and anxieties
behavioral problems such as stealing and exposure to recreational drugs
100
During this stage of life, we thrive on rules.
School age
101
This is the period between ages 13 and up to 20 years
Adolescent
102
13 to 14 years of age
early period
103
15 to 16 years of age
middle period
104
17 to 20 years of age
late period
105
Are bothered by the statement who I am.
Adolescent
106
During adolescent, body size increases faster than strength, true or false?
True
107
What are the major tasks during Adolescent?
Identity
Separation
Initiating Intimacy
108
What are the major challenges during adolescence?
Physical Growth
Coping Strategies
Communications
Healthy Lifestyle
109
What are the Developmental tasks during the adolescent stage?
Erikson: Identity vs Intimacy
Piaget: Abstract Reasoning
Freud: Genital Stage
110
It means sexual maturity is achieved.
Puberty
111
About 2 years before puberty, heralding physical changes.
Prepubescence
112
1-2 years after puberty; skeletal growth is complete and reproductive functions become establish.
Postpubescence
113
Time of growing into psychological, social, and physical maturation
Adolescence
114
Growth stops at what age?
16-17 years old for female while 18-20 years old for male
115
External and internal organs are necessary for reproduction. Refers to changes in the sexual organs themselves.
Primary Sex Characteristics
116
Results of hormonal changes which play no direct role in reproduction.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
116
It is termed as a feminizing hormone.
Estrogen
116
It is also known as masculinizing hormone
Androgen
117
It is called as the first occurrence of menstruation.
Menarche
118
Describe the stages of pubertal growth and are numbered from stage 1 to stage 5 for both males and female
Tanner Stages
119
Breast buds
Thelarche
120
Pubic Hair Growth
Adrenarche
121
About 2 years after thelarche, menstruation begins
Menarche
122
No thelarche by age 13 years
Puberty Delay
123
During what stage of male maturation is testicular enlargement and sparse pubic hair?
Stage 1
124
Penile enlargement, voice changes, early facial hair and gynecomastia
Stage 3
125
Penile Growth, first ejaculation, axiallary groin, and facial hair, final voice change
stage 5
126
Injury that occurs in early adolescence until adolescents learn more about their limits
overuse injuries
127
identity vs role confusion spans within what range during adolescence
early to mid
128
Which of the following is common in adolescence?
A. Adjusting to a new body image
B. Seeking emancipation from parents
C, Choosing a vocation
D. Determining a value system
A, B, C, and D
129
May be developed if young people do not achieve a sense of identity
Role Confusion
130
This is Erikson's developmental task during late adolescent
Intimacy vs isolation
131
A sense of intimacy is closely related to the sense if trust learned in the first year of life. True or False
True
132
Can see situations from many view points
Older adolescents
133
During this time period religious belief become more abstract and principled.
Adolescents
134
What is the goal of social development in adolescents?
to define one's identity independently from parents
135
During adolescence role change from protection-dependency to _____.
Mutual affection and equality
136
Assume an exceedingly significant role during adolescence.
Peer
137
What are the reasons for sexual experimentation?
Curiosity
Pleasure
Conquest
Peer pressure to conform
138
What are the common sexual complications during adolescence?
Unplanned pregnancy and STIs
139
What situations need an intervention?
A. Spends time in the computer early in the morning.
B. Changes the screen on the computer when a parent enters the room.
C. Has a pornographic material on the computer
D. Makes frequent long distance call.
A, B, C, and D
140
What nutrients are most likely inadequate during adolescence.
calcium, iron and vitamin b12
141
How can a school nurse help an adolescent with depression?
Recognize the depression
Encourage open communication
posting numbers of available hotlines
identifying appropriate mechanisms
providing professional referrals
142
What are the risk factors for developmental issues.
Age when pregnancy occurred
Nutritional Intake
Sexual Activity
Limited Access to health care
143
Adolescent hostility may be cause by what?
Fear of the unknown
144
May be an effort of grasping independence.
Rebellion
145
What are excellent healthcare topics when dealing with adolescents?
Motor Vehicle
Firearm
Drowning
Sports
146
What vitamin deficiency usually results from improper dieting during adolescent?
Vit B1 (thiamine) and Vi B2 (riboflavin)
147
What are the common health problems of the adolescent?
Hypertension
Poor Posture
Body piercing and tattoos
Fatigue
Menstrual irregularities
Acne
148
What are the threefold goal for the therapy of Acne
Decrease sebum formation
Prevent Comedones
Control Bacterial Proliferation
149
It reduces keratin formation and plugging of ducts
Tretinoin (Retin A cream)
150
Sunblock should be used with spf ____ or higher
15
151
Caution adolescents that for the first week or two of therapy, peeling or oxidizing agents may make the complexion appear worse.
Benzoyl peroxide or Azelaic Acid
152
May be prescribed to reduce bacterial level of the skin
Dapsone, tetracycline or doxycycline
153
Refers to repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted actions such as constant and threatening pursuit directed at an individual to gain the individual’s attention or to evoke fear.
Stalking
154
It is a form of organized bullying, that refers to demeaning or humiliating rituals that prospective
members have to undergo to join sororities, and fraternities.
hazing
155
Refers to the use of chemicals
to improve a mental state or induce euphoria.
Substance use disorder
156
includes a range of self-destructive actions from cutting to suicide, the planned intent to end one’s
life.
Self-injury
157
Is found more frequently in girls than boys and can begin as early.
Cutting
158
Deliberate self-injury with the intent to end one’s life. Often perceived as the only alternative to an overwhelming situation.
Suicide
159
What are the three major causes of adolescent death?
Accident, Homicide, Suicide
160
Begins at the end of adolescence to death. Time of transition from an adolescent toa person capable of assuming adult responsibility and adult decisions.
Adulthood
161
From the age 20-40 years of age
Early/young adult
162
Age 40-65
Middle-age adult
163
65 beyond
Older Adult
164
During this stage of adulthood, an individual's satisfaction with life depends on his/her involvement in new interests, hobbies, roles, and relationships.
Early (young) adult
165
At what age does digestive juices decrease
30
166
What are the psychosocial concerns of the young adult?
- Difficulty achieving interdependence
- Anxiety related to assuming responsibility
167
During early adult age, right or wrong are defined in terms of?
Personal beliefs and principles
168
It is a common problem during midlife years.
Weight Gain
169
Suggests that an individual’s values and personality
develop overtime and that goals and individual
characteristics will remain constant throughout life. An individual thus learns to adapt to changes and
will tend to repeat those reactions and behaviors
that brought success in the past. 2. Middle Adulthood (40-65): Growth and
Continuity theory
170
As individuals age, they inevitably withdraw from society and society withdraws from them in a mutual dance of separation.
Disengagement Theory
171
An individual's values and personality develop over a lifetime and that goals and individual characteristics will remain constant throughout life. An individual thus learns to adapt to changes and will tend to repeat those reactions and behaviors that brought success in the past.
Continuity Theory
172
An individual's satisfaction with life depends on his/her involvement in new interests, hobbies, roles and relationships.
Activity Theory
173
Proposes that humans, like automobiles, have vital parts that run down with time, leading to aging and death.
Wear and Tear Theory
174
Proposes that events occurring in the hypothalamus and pituitary are responsible for changes in hormone production and response that results in the organism's decline.
Endocrine Theory
175
Proposes that unstable free radicals result from the oxidation of organic materials, such as carbohydrates and proteins. These radicals cause biochemical changes in the cells, and the cells cannot regenerate themselves.
Free-radical Theory
176
Proposes that an organism is genetically programmed for a predetermined number of cell divisions, after which it dies.
Genetic Theory
177
Proposes that the irreversible aging of proteins such as collagen is responsible for the ultimate failure of tissues and organs.
Cross-linking Theory
178
Proposes that the immune system becomes less effective with age, resulting in reduced resistance to infectious diseases and viruses.
Immunological Theory
179
Is any situation either potential, actual, or perceived, wherein a valued object or person is changed or is not accessible to the individual.
Loss
180
Is a series of intense psychological and physical response occurring after a loss.
Grief
181
What are the 3 stages of Grief
Shock, Reality, Recovery
182
During this stage of grief, the person feels numb rather than physically one.
Shock Stage
183
A painful experience begins when the individual consciously realizes the full meaning of the loss. Anger, guilt, fear, frustration, and or helplessness may be expressed.
Reality Stage
184
The loss is integrated into the reality of the individual's life. The person exhibits adaptive behavior and begins to live again, doing things that were formerly enjoyed.
Recovery Stage
185
A type of grief normally following a significant loss
Uncomplicated grief/normal grief
186
Occurrence of grief before an expected loss occurs.
Anticipatory grief
187
A demonstration of a persistent pattern of intense grief that does not result in reconciliation of feelings. Does not progress through the stages of grief.
Dysfunctional Grief
188
Grief is not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned, or publicly shared.
Disenfranchise grief
189
What are the different stages of dying and death by kubler-ross
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
