Unit 7: Standing at Armageddon Flashcards
(37 cards)
Attorney general during the height of the Red Scare (1919-1920) who led raids against suspected radicals; reacting to terrorist bombings, fear of Bolshevism, and his own presidential aspirations, Palmer arrested 6,000 people and deported over 500.
A. Mitchell Palmer
Influential black leader; his “Atlanta Compromise” speech (1895)
proposed blacks accept social and political segregation in return for economic opportunities in
agriculture and vocational areas. He received money from whites and built Tuskegee Institute
into a powerful educational and political machine.
Booker T. Washington
Taciturn, pro-business president (1923-1929) who took over after Harding’s
death, restored honesty to government, and accelerated the tax cutting and antiregulation
policies of his predecessor; his laissez-faire policies brought short-term prosperity from 1923 to 1929.
Calvin Coolidge
President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association; Catt
led the organization when it achieved passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 and later
organized the League of Women Voters.
Carrie Chapman Catt
Mail service pilot who became a celebrity when he made the first flight
across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927; a symbol of the vanishing individualistic hero of the frontier
who was honest, modest, and self-reliant, he later became a leading isolationist.
Charles Lindbergh
Prohibited the sale, transportation, and manufacture of alcohol;
part of rural America’s attempt to blunt the societal influence of the cities, it was called the “Noble
Experiment” until it was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment (1933).
Eighteenth Amendment (1919)
Established a national banking system for the first time since the
1830s; designed to combat the “money trust,” it created 12 regional banks that regulated interest
rates, money supply, and provided an elastic credit system throughout the country.
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Movement of southern, rural blacks to northern cities starting around 1915 and
continuing through much of the twentieth century; blacks left the South as the cotton economy
declined and Jim Crow persisted. Thousands came north for wartime jobs in large cities during
World Wars I and 11.
Great Migration
Black artistic movement in New York City in the 1920s, when writers,
poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially
about the injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Countee Cullen,
Claude McKay, Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes.
Harlem Renaissance
Crusading journalist who wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company a critical
expose that documented john D. Rockefeller’s ruthlessness and questionable business tactics.
Ida Tarbell
Revolutionary industrial union founded in 1905
and led by “Big Bill” Haywood that worked to overthrow capitalism; during World War I, the
government pressured the group, and by 1919, it was in serious decline.
Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)
Social worker and leader in the settlement house movement; she founded Hull
House in 1889, which helped improve the lives of poor immigrants in Chicago, and in 1931 shared
the Nobel Peace Prize.
Jane Addams
Reconstruction-era organization that was revived in 1915 and rose to political
power in the mid-1920s when membership reached 4 to 5 million; opposed to blacks, Catholics,
Jews, and immigrants, its membership was rural, white, native-born, and Protestant.
Ku Klux Klan
Leading literary figure of the Harlem Renaissance who wrote verse, essays,
and 32 books; he helped define tie black experience in America for over four decades.
Langston Hughes
A leading muckraking journalist who exposed political corruption in the cities;
best known for IUs The Shame of Cities (1904), he was also a regular contributor to McClure’s
magazine.
Lincoln Steffens
Black leader in early 1920s who appealed to urban blacks with his program of
racial self-sufficiency / separatism, black pride, and pan-Africanism; his Universal Negro
Improvement Association ran into financial trouble, however. He was eventually arrested for mail
fraud and deported to his native Jamaica in 1927.
Marcus Garvey
Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive platform in the election of 1912; building
on IUs presidential “Square Deal,” he called for a strong federal government to maintain
economic competition and social justice but to accept trusts as an economic fact of life.
New Nationalism
Granted women the right to vote; its ratification capped a
movement for women’s rights that dated to the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. Although
women were voting in state elections in 12 states when the amendment passed, it enabled 8
million women to vote in the presidential election of 1920.
Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
Law that regulated the food and patent medicine industries;
some business leaders called it socialistic meddling by the government.
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Period of hysteria after World War I over the possible spread of Communism to the
United States; aroused by the Russian Revolution (1917), the large number of Russian immigrants
in the United States, and a series of terrorist bombings in 1919, it resulted in the denial of civil
liberties, mass arrests and deportations, and passage of the restrictive Immigration Act of 1920.
Red Scare
Progressive governor (1900-1904) and senator (1906-1925); he established the "Wisconsin idea" that reformed the state through direct primaries, tax reform, and anticorruption legislation. La Follette was the Progressive Party's presidential nominee in 1924.
Robert La Follette
Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested
(1920), tried, and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have
been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.
Sacco and Vanzetti
“Monkey Trial” over John Scopes’s teaching of evolution in his biology
classroom in violation of a Tennessee law; it pitted the Bible, fundamentalism, and William
Jennings Bryan against evolution, modernism, and Clarence Darrow. Scopes was convicted, but
fundamentalism was damaged and discouraged by the trial.
Scopes Trial (1925)
Movement that began in Protestant churches in the late nineteenth century to
apply the teachings of the Bible to the problems of the industrial age; led by Washington Gladden
and Walter Rauschenbusch, it aroused the interest of many clergymen in securing social justice
for the urban poor. The thinking of Jane Addams, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and
other secular reformers was influenced by the movement as well.
Social Gospel
