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Science > Unit 7D > Flashcards

Unit 7D Flashcards

0
Q

Digestive tract

A

A series of tubelike organs that are joined end to end

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1
Q

Digestive system

A

A collection of organs that work together to digest food so that it can be used by the body

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2
Q

What three things does food not go through

A

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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3
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

The breaking, crushing, and mashing of food

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4
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Large molecules are broken down into nutrients

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5
Q

Organic molecules contain…

A

Carbon hydrogen oxygen

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6
Q

Examples of simple carbs

A

Fruits, milk, veggies

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7
Q

Carbohydrates involve short term____

A

Energy storage- fast fuel

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8
Q

Examples of lipids

A

Fats,oils, waxes

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9
Q

Lipids are broken down into…..

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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11
Q

Lipids are _____ term energy storage

A

Long

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12
Q

One gram of fat=

A

9 calories

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13
Q

Lipids are more than ____ times the amount of carbs

A

2 times

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14
Q

What are proteins broken down into

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

Proteins are the most ______ and ____ organic molecules

A

Complex;diverse

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16
Q

Nucleotides contain…

A

1 phosphate, 1 sugar, 1 base

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17
Q

Saliva

A

A liquid that contains enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates

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18
Q

Esophagus

A

A long straight tube that connects the throat to the stomach

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19
Q

Peristalsis forces the _____ into the ________

A

Food; stomach

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20
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular bag like organ attached to the lower end of the esophagus

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21
Q

What does mucus cover?

A

Stomachs lining

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22
Q

Stomach acid kills most ________

you might swallow while eating

A

Bacteria

23
Q

Chyme

A

Soupy mixture of broken down food in the stomach

24
Q

The smell of food causes _______ juices to be released which results in contractions and hunger

A

Gastric

25
Q

Small intestine

A

2.5 cm in diameter and about 6 meters long

26
Q

Villi

A

Finger like projections that are covered with tiny nutrient- absorbing cells

27
Q

Pancreas

A

Fish- shaped organ located between stomach and small intestine

28
Q

What does the pancreas make

A

Hormones that regulate blood sugar

29
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small bag like organ that temporarily stores the bile made by liver

30
Q

Liver

A

A large reddish brown organ that helps with digestion

31
Q

Large intestine

A

The organ of the digestive system that stores, compacts, and eliminates indigestible food from the body

32
Q

How big is the large intestine

A

1.5 cm wide, 7.5 cm long

33
Q

Cellulose

A

A carbohydrate found in whole grains,

Fruits, and veggies that humans can’t digest. Aka fiber

34
Q

All of these organs work together to maintain ___________

A

Homeostasis

35
Q

What are sphincters

A

Bands of muscle that block off the stomach at either side

36
Q

Constipation

A

When bowl movements become difficult and less frequent

37
Q

Diarrhea

A

Occurs when too little water is removed from digested food

38
Q

Colon cancer

A

A serious disease of the digestive tract that can lead to death

39
Q

Gastric ulcer

A

Open sore in stomachs lining

40
Q

Symptoms of type 1 & type 2 diabetes

A

Too much glucose in the blood and not enough glucose in the blood cells

41
Q

Heartburn

A

Back flow of chyme in the esophagus causes a burning pain in the chest

42
Q

As your body performs that chemical activities that keep you alive, waste products such as ______ _______and ________ are produced

A

Carbon dioxide; nitrogen

43
Q

Excretion

A

The process of removing wastes and excess products from the body

44
Q

What are the 3 body systems involved in excretion

A
  1. skin
  2. lungs
  3. urinary system(removes waste products from blood)
45
Q

The digestive system is ___ involved in excretion because the term excretion is used only when substances must pass through a ________ in order to leave the body

A

Not;membrane

46
Q

Kidney

A

Bean shape organ that constantly cleans the blood

47
Q

Your kidneys filter how much blood each day

A

2000 L

48
Q

Nephron

A

Microscopic filter in the kidney that removes a variety of harmful substances from the blood

49
Q

Urine

A

A concentrated mixture of waste materials that forms in the nephrons of the kidney

50
Q

Ureter

A

A slender tube and which urine leave the kidneys

51
Q

Urinary bladder

A

A bag like organ that stores urine until it can be eliminated through the urethra

52
Q

Urethra

A

A tube in which urine leaves the body

53
Q

Urination

A

The process of expelling urine from the body

54
Q

Bacterial infections in the bladder

A

Bacteria can get into the bladder and ureters through the urethra and cause painful infection

55
Q

Kidney stone

A

Sometimes salt and waste collection inside the kidneys and form kidney stone

56
Q

Kidney disease

A

Damage to nephrons can prevent normal kidney function, leading to kidney disease

Science (13 decks)

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