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Unit 8 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Name the 2 Classifications of Joints

A

Structural & functional

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2
Q

Name 3 types of joints that bind joints based on material

A

Structural ; Fibrous , Cartilaginous, Synovial

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3
Q

Name 3 types of Functional Joints

A

Synarthroses , Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses

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4
Q

Synarthroses are …

A

Immovable joints

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5
Q

Amphiarthroses are …

A

Slightly movable joints

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6
Q

Diarthroses are ..

A

freely movable joints

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7
Q

Fibrous joints are joined by ?

A

Dense fibrous tsx. w/ no joint cavity

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8
Q

Name 3 types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses

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9
Q

Sutures are only found where ?

A

Skull

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10
Q

Sutures are

A

interconnected fibers that hold bone edges together

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11
Q

Syndesmoses are connected by ?

A

ligaments & varies in fiber length

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12
Q

the best example of gomphoses are ?

A

teeth in alveolar sockets

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13
Q

Cartilaginous Joints unite bones by ?

A

Cartilage w/ no joint cavity

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilage joints ?

A

Synchondroses & Sympheses

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15
Q

Synchondroses are ..

A

plate of hyaline cartilage that unites bones

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16
Q

An example of Synchondroses is the

A

epiphyseal plate

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17
Q

Which cartilage unites sympheses joints ?

A

fibrocartilage with amphiarthrotic joints

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18
Q

Give 2 examples of sympheses joints ?

A

Intervertebral joints & pubic symphysis

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19
Q

Synovial joints are separated by ?

A

Fluid filled joint activity that are diarthrotic

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20
Q

Name the 6 features of synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage, synovial cavity, articulate capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, verve’s & blood vessels

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21
Q

What is articular cartilage ?

A

hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones

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22
Q

What is synovial cavity ?

A

fluid filled space in synovial joints

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23
Q

What is the articular capsule ?

A

It’s 2 layers thick : external fibrous layer ( dense irregular ) & synovial membrane (loose connective )

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24
Q

What is synovial fluid ?

A

plasma & hyaluronic acid

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25
what is the function of synovial fluid ?
lubricates & nourishes articular cartilage ; contains phagocytes that eat up cells
26
Define & Identify the 3 types of reinforcing ligaments .
Capsular : thickened part of fibrous layer Extracapsular : outside the capsule Intracapsular : deep to capsule
27
What is bursa/ bursae?
fluid filled sac that decrease friction near ligament
28
Tendon sheaths
fluid filled sac that wraps around a TENDON
29
Name the 3 factors that determine stability of joints .
Articular surfaces , ligaments , & muscle tone
30
Muscles attach to bones at ?
Origin ( immovable ) and Insertion ( movable)
31
What are the 3 general types of movements by synovial joints ?
Gliding , Angular movements, rotation
32
Gliding movements are ? ( Name examples)
Sliding movements ( intercarpal/tarsal joints )
33
Angular movements decrease / increase angles between bones . Identify the 3 types .
Flexion : decrease angle of joint Extension : increase angle of joint Hyperextension : move,ent beyond anatomical position
34
Angular movements also include :
Abduction ( away from midline) Adduction (toward midline)
35
Rotation is the
Turning of the bone on its axis
36
Supination & pronation is rotation of radius and ulna . Which way do palms face .?
Supination : radius and ulna are parallel Pronation : radius rotates over ulna
37
What is inversion ? Enversion?
Inversion = sole comes in medially Enversion is sole face out laterally
38
Name the 6 synovial joints .
Plane , Hinge , Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball & Socket
39
Plane joint is shaped …
flat, to slide over each other
40
Hinge joint is shaped ..
like a hinge on a door , letting movement in one plane
41
Pivot joint …
always rotation on an axis
42
Condylar joint is shaped …
like an egg / oval on ur wrist
43
Ball & socket joint is shaped ..
that allows multi axial movement
44
Saddle joint is shaped …
Concave and convex
45
Cartilage tears are due to
compression and shear stress
46
Cartilage tears are repaired w /
ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY
47
What is the Unhappy Triad ?
Ruptured ACL, Ruptured Tibial Collateral Ligament, Torn Meniscus
48
Which injuries are common in runners ?
Injuries affecting ACL
49
Sprains are ..
stretched / torn ligaments that repair very slowly ( is partial tear)
50
separation of two bones where they meet at a joint ?
Dislocation
51
Why are shoulder dislocation common injuries ?
They are weak structures anteriorly and posteriorly so they dislocate easily
52
Inflammation of bursa ? Caused by ?
Bursitis caused by blow
53
How is bursitis treated ?
Rest , Ice, anti-inflammatory
54
Inflammation of tendon sheaths ?
Tendontities
55
Inflammatory/Degenerative diseases that damage joints ?
Arthritis
56
Acute forms of arthritis are caused by ? treated with ?
bacteria ; antibiotics
57
Chronic forms of arthritis are ?
Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis
58
Osteoarthritis is .. (list 3 things)
- irreversible & degenerative - joints stiff & crunchy ( crepitus) -affects more women then men
59
Treatment of osteoarthritis
-joint replacement - mild pain reliever - moderate activity
60
Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms are ?
joint pain and swelling, anemia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness
61
Why is osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis different ?
RA is autoimmune , inflammatory, & chronic & affects all body systems
62
Describe RA steps .
Inflamed synovial membrane > thicken abnormal paninis > pannus erodes cartilage & connects to articular bone ends
63
Describe RA treatment
- nonsteroidal drugs to decrease pain -steroidal anti-inflammatory to interfere w destruction of joints -can replace joints w prosthesis
64
Gouty arthritis affects which gender ?
Men
65
Deposition of acid crystals in joints & tissues ; and inflammation
Gouty Arthritis
66
Treatment of GA includes :
No alcohol , kidneys, sardines, liver

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