Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP PSYCH (swapped) > UNIT 8 > Flashcards

UNIT 8 Flashcards

1
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characteristics by distressing, persistent, anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

panic disorder

A

marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

phobia

A

marked by a persistent, irrational fear and aviodance of a specific object, activity, or situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

somatoform disorder

A

symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent pysical cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

conversion disorder

A

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)

A

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dissociative disorders

A

conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

a rare disoder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

schizophrenia

A

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

personality disorders

A

characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist - usually men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

psychological disorder

A

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of 3 key symptoms: extreme inattantion, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

medical model

A

the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cyred, often through treatmane in a hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

A

the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks of more after a traumatic experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

post-traumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

major depressive disorder

A

mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, 2 or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mania

A

marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bipolar disorder

A

person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

insight therapies

A

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

client-centered therapy

A

Rogers - the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

active listening

A

empathic lstening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies - part of client-centered therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

family therapy

A

trates the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

30
Q

evidence-based practice

A

clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

31
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

32
Q

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or supress brain activity

33
Q

psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

34
Q

lobotomy

A

a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients - cuts the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

35
Q

resilience

A

a personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

36
Q

eclectic appraoch

A

uses techniques from various forms of therapy

37
Q

psychotherapy

A

consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psycholoigcal difficulties or achieve personal growth

38
Q

psychoanalysis

A

free association, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gin self-insight

39
Q

resistance

A

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

40
Q

interpretation

A

the analyst’s noting supposed dream meaning, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

41
Q

transference

A

the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

42
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl

43
Q

behavior therapy

A

applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

44
Q

counterconditioning

A

uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

45
Q

exposure therapies

A

behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to things they fear and avoid

46
Q

systematic desensitization

A

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

47
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears

48
Q

aversive conditioning

A

type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

49
Q

token economy

A

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange that tokens for various privileges or treats

50
Q

cognitive therapy

A

teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

51
Q

meta-analysis

A

a procedure for statistically conbining the results of many different research studies

52
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system

53
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on the mind

54
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

55
Q

antianxiety drugs

A

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

56
Q

antidepressant drugs

A

drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

57
Q

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

58
Q

group therapy

A

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

59
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem

60
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

61
Q

Epigenetics

A

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

62
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

63
Q

rumination

A

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

64
Q

psychotic disorders

A

a group of psychological disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

65
Q

Hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

66
Q

chronic schizophrenia

A

(also called process schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

67
Q

acute schizophrenia

A

(also called reactive schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event

68
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

69
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

70
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

71
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

AP PSYCH (swapped) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions