Unit 8

Question 1

Acute exposure

Answer 1

Short-term contact with a substance, and leads to significant harm

Question 2

Bioaccumulation

Answer 2

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

Question 3

Biomagnification

Answer 3

The increase in chemical concentration in animal tissues as the chemical moves up the food chain

Question 4

Persistence

Answer 4

The length of time a chemical remains in the environment

Question 5

Biological hazards

Answer 5

Biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms

Question 6

BPA

Answer 6

Bisphenol A, used to make certain plastics and is a known endocrine disruptor.

Question 7

Breakdown Products

Question 8

Carcinogens

Answer 8

A chemical that causes cancer

Question 9

Chemical hazards

Answer 9

Chemicals found in things like medications, gases, and particulate matter that is toxic or irritating to the body system

Question 10

Chronic exposure

Answer 10

Continues contact with a substance over a long period of time

Question 11

Coral reef

Answer 11

A underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-buildings and corals lots of bioactivity etc.

Question 12

Cultural hazards

Answer 12

Harmful choices made by humans which affect health and environment

Question 13

DDT

Answer 13

A chemical designed to kill mosquitoes which is another endocrine disruptor

Question 14

Dioxins

Answer 14

Chemicals that are classified as POPs, organic chemicals that take a long time to break down once they are in the environment

Question 15

Dose response curve

Answer 15

The relationship between chemical exposure and physical changes/behavioral changes in the animal

Question 16

Effluent

Answer 16

Waste water that flows out of a treatment plant

Question 17

Endocrine disruptor

Answer 17

A chemical that interferes with the normal functioning of the hormones of the body, mimics normal hormones

Question 18

Environmental health

Answer 18

The condition of the environment in a particular region, especially as regards ecological diversity or pollution

Question 19

Eutrophication

Answer 19

A phenomenon in which a body of water becomes rich in nutrients, causes a rapid growth of algae which eventually dies causing BOD

Question 20

HIV/AIDS

Answer 20

A type of virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 21

Infection disease

Answer 21

A disease caused by a pathogen

Question 22

ED50

Answer 22

The effective dose of a chemical that causes 50 percent of the individuals in a dose-response study to display harmful but nonlethal effects.

Question 23

LD50

Answer 23

The lethal dose of a chemical that kills 50% of individuals in a dose-response study

Question 24

Lead (Pb)

Answer 24

Chemical element which can lead to adverse health effects and pollution in the environment

Question 25

Mangrove swamp

Answer 25

Productive wetlands that occur in costal intertidal zones, essential to ecosystems because they provide habitat to baby fish

Question 26

Methylmercury

Answer 26

A powerful neurotoxin that bioaccumulates in tissue and biomagnifies up the food chain

Question 27

Microplastics

Answer 27

Broken down plastics

Question 28

Mutagens

Answer 28

Anything that causes a mutation in the DNA of a cell.

Question 29

Neurotoxins

Answer 29

A chemical that disrupts the nervous system of animals

Question 30

Oil spills

Answer 30

The accidental release of gas/oils into the environment specifically in marine ecosystems

Question 31

PCBs

Answer 31

A group of industrial compounds used to manufacture plastics and insulate electrical transformers and responsible for many environmental problems

Question 32

Physical hazards

Answer 32

Physical agent/factor that causes harm upon contact to a human

Question 33

Plasmodium

Answer 33

Protists genus linked to malaria

Question 34

POPs

Answer 34

Persistent organic pollutants, synthetic organic compounds that don’t easily break down in the environment

Question 35

Salt marsh

Answer 35

Costal marsh, full of salt water brought in by the tides

Question 36

Sediment pollution

Answer 36

Soil particles that care carried down stream, causes waterways to become brown/cloudy, reduces infiltration of sunlight and lowers productivity of quartile plants and algae, clog gills and prevent aquatic organisms from obtaining oxygen

Question 37

Sewage

Answer 37

Waste water and excrement conveyed in sewers

Question 38

Silent spring

Answer 38

A book written by Rachel Carson which covered the tinning of eagle shells as a result of DDT

Question 39

Synergistic effects

Answer 39

When 2 or more things are combined, their overall effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects

Question 40

Teratogens

Answer 40

Any agent that causes an abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy

Question 41

Thermal pollution

Answer 41

No chemical water pollution that occurs when human activities cause a substantial change in the temperature of water

Question 42

Threshold dose

Answer 42

The minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal

Question 43

Toxicant

Answer 43

A toxic substance introduced into the environment

Question 44

Toxicology

Answer 44

Scientific field that explores the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms

Question 45

Tuberculosis

Answer 45

A highly contagious disease caused by bacteria that primarily infects the lungs

Question 46

Vector

Answer 46

Things that carry the pathogen into the body

Question 47

Water treatment

Answer 47

The sanitization/cleaning of water for human consumption

Question 48

Wetlands

Answer 48

Areas converted by water that functions as its own ecosystem