Unit 8 Flashcards
(87 cards)
What was the significance of Morgan v. Virginia?
A landmark Supreme Court case challenging the constitutionality of segregated seating on interstate buses.
This case was pivotal in dismantling segregation laws in public transportation.
What does CORE stand for?
Congress of Racial Equality
An African-American civil rights organization formed in 1942 that pioneered nonviolent direct action.
Define Bebop.
A style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s featuring complex harmony, fast tempos, and improvisation based on chord progressions rather than melodies.
Bebop represents a significant evolution in jazz music.
What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education?
Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine.
This 1954 Supreme Court case was a major victory for the civil rights movement.
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
A protest campaign against racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama, lasting from December 1955 to December 1956.
Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest, this boycott was crucial in the civil rights movement.
What was the Southern Manifesto?
A document written in 1956 opposing racial integration of public places.
It was a reaction from Southern lawmakers to the Brown v. Board decision.
What are Sit-ins?
A form of nonviolent protest where demonstrators occupy a public space and refuse to leave until their demands are met.
Widely used during the civil rights movement to challenge segregation.
What were Freedom Rides?
Bus trips taken by civil rights activists in 1961 to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals.
These rides aimed to test and challenge the enforcement of desegregation laws.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?
Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, ending segregation in public places and banning employment discrimination.
This landmark law was a significant achievement of the civil rights movement.
What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Removed barriers to voting for African Americans and other minorities, such as literacy tests and poll taxes.
This legislation aimed to ensure equal voting rights.
Who was Jackie Robinson?
The first African American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era, breaking the color barrier.
His debut in 1947 was a significant moment in both sports and civil rights.
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
An American lawyer who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1967 to 1991, becoming the Court’s first African-American justice.
He was instrumental in many civil rights cases.
Who was Earl Warren?
Served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969.
Known for presiding over the Court during a period of significant change in constitutional law and civil rights.
What did Rosa Parks do?
Refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Her act of defiance became a symbol of the civil rights movement.
Who was Emmett Till?
A 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955 after being accused of offending a white woman.
His death became a catalyst for the civil rights movement.
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his assassination in 1968.
Known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance.
What did Malcolm X advocate for?
Black nationalism and self-defense against white aggression.
He was a prominent civil rights leader with a different approach than Martin Luther King Jr.
Who was Elijah Muhammad?
Leader of the Nation of Islam from the 1930s until his death in 1975.
Advocated for black nationalism and self-reliance.
Who was Medgar Evers?
Civil rights leader who served as the Mississippi field secretary for the NAACP; assassinated in 1963.
His death sparked national outrage and increased support for the civil rights movement.
Who was Robert Kennedy?
Attorney General during his brother’s presidency and later a U.S. Senator from New York.
He was a strong advocate for civil rights and played a significant role in advancing racial equality.
What term was coined by Winston Churchill to describe Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe?
Iron Curtain
Coined in 1946
What is the belief that if one country fell to communism, surrounding countries would follow?
Domino Theory
What was NSC-68, and when was it created?
Secret policy paper that called for a major U.S. military buildup to fight communism in 1950
What does SEATO stand for?
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
