Unit 8 Review Flashcards
(64 cards)
What event led the Soviet Union to begin heavily supporting Cuba?
The failed Bay of Pigs invasion by the U.S.
What kind of support did the Soviets provide to Cuba after the Bay of Pigs?
Arms, military advisors, and eventually nuclear missiles.
Why did Khrushchev feel justified in placing missiles in Cuba?
Because the U.S. had placed nuclear missiles in Turkey near the Soviet border in 1961.
What action did the U.S. take when it learned more missiles were on their way to Cuba?
President Kennedy ordered a naval “quarantine” of Cuba to stop the missile shipments.
Why was it called a “quarantine” instead of a blockade?
Because a blockade is technically an act of war.
How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved?
Khrushchev withdrew the missiles from Cuba, and the U.S. agreed to quietly remove its missiles from Turkey.
What communication measure was created after the crisis to prevent future misunderstandings?
The Hot Line, a direct link between U.S. and Soviet leaders’ offices, established in 1963.
What ideology influenced Ho Chi Minh, and where did he travel to become involved in political movements?
He was influenced by Marxist-Leninist ideology and traveled to Europe and the United States, where he joined socialist movements.
What major action did Ho Chi Minh take in 1945 after World War II?
He declared Vietnam’s independence from France, leading to the First Indochina War.
Q: What position did Ho Chi Minh hold from 1945 until his death in 1969?
He served as the first President of North Vietnam.
How did Ho Chi Minh’s role in the Vietnam War affect his legacy?
His leadership made him a symbol of anti-colonial resistance and inspired other revolutionary movements around the world.
Since when had Southern Asia been under British rule, and when did that change?
Since 1858, until India gained independence in 1947.
Q: Who led the independence movement against British rule in India?
Gandhi, starting in the 1920s.
What happened to India in 1947 following its independence?
It was partitioned into two countries: Pakistan (mostly Muslim) and India (mostly Hindu).
Q: What challenges did India and Pakistan face after partition?
Both struggled to establish new relationships and build their economies.
Q: What economic reforms did India attempt after independence?
Land redistribution, abolition of powerful rent collectors, protection for renters, and promotion of cooperative farming.
Q: What were the key land reform milestones in Kerala?
1960: Land reforms passed but overturned by courts
1963: Tenants won right to purchase land
1969: Tenants became full landowners
1974: Laws set fixed work hours and minimum wages
How did the Indian central government respond to Kerala’s land reforms?
It took direct rule of Kerala to slow down or reverse the reforms.
When did Gandhi become the leader of the Indian National Congress?
In 1920
Q: What group did Gandhi appeal to most in India?
The poor
Q: Why was Gandhi assassinated shortly after India gained independence?
For attempting to stop Hindu-Muslim rioting
What was the system of racial segregation in South Africa called?
Apartheid
Q: Which group enforced apartheid in South Africa?
The white-minority government
Q: Who led the black resistance to apartheid in South Africa?
Nelson Mandela
