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RE > Unit 8: Section 2 - Environmental and Medical Issues > Flashcards

Unit 8: Section 2 - Environmental and Medical Issues Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Definition of global warming

A

The increase in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere (thought to be caused by the greenhouse effect)

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2
Q

What are the different beliefs on the cause of global warming?

A

Many scientists believe that the burning of fossil fuels by humans increases the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Others believe the rise in temperature is natural and the climate has always been in a state of change

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3
Q

What are the effects of global warming?

A

Polar regions - ice melts, sea level rises = means some land may be submerged

Hotter areas - drought + rain and flooding = shortages of food then famine

Increase in extreme weather events = hurricanes + flash floods

Some animals and plants may die out = if they can’t adapt

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4
Q

What are some solutions to global warming?

A

Individually = turn off electrical appliances when not in use, walk rather than use vehicles

Government = Set laws for factories to reduce energy

Scientists = research into causes and consequences of climate change

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5
Q

What are the different forms of pollution and what do they cause?

A

Waste - increase in waste that is not biodegradable or recyclable. It spreads disease and releases dangerous chemicals

Land - land or soil pollution leads to poor plant growth and threatens animal habitats

Air - substances or chemicals that threaten the chemical balance of the air. They lead to acid rain and smog

Water - contaminated rivers, lakes, oceans and reservoirs It affects water quality and plants and animals that live there

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6
Q

What are the examples of causes for the forms of pollutions?

A

Waste = new technology products like computers

Land = littering, pesticides and radioactive waste

Air = vehicle fumes, CFCs, burning fossil fuels and waste from power stations

Water = fertilisers, eutrophication, sewage and oil

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7
Q

What are solutions to reducing/stopping these forms of pollution?

A

Create less waste = recycle, reduce packaging and reuse

Alternative energy sources = use renewable, clean sources such as solar power and wind power

Government Action = anti-pollution laws to limit amount of pollution and severe penalties if broken.

Alternative manufacturing = research ways of manufacturing that cause less waste

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8
Q

Definition of natural resources

A

Naturally occurring materials that can be used by humans

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9
Q

What are types of renewable sources?

A 
Wind power
Solar power
Water power
Wave power
Fertile land
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10
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of renewable sources?

A

+ never run out
+ most produce ‘clean’ energy = cause pollution
- many are only effective in certain areas
- can be more expensive

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11
Q

What are types of non-renewable sources?

A

coal
gas
oil
elements, materials and rocks

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12
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of non- renewable sources?

A

+ can be recycled
+ useful top humans for transport, electricity, buildings and everyday use
- scarce = once used up, they cannot be replaced
- many cause pollution

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13
Q

Definition of conservation

A

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment for future generations

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14
Q

Definition of environment

A

Surroundings in which plants and animals live and on which they depend to live

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15
Q

What are the issues with non-renewable sources for humans?

A

Humans are very reliant on non-renewable sources

If used at their current rate, they will run out

Not having them will have a huge impact on the planet and human life

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16
Q

What are the possible solutions to non-renewable sources?

A

Conservation

  • use renewable energy sources
  • conserve electricity
  • use products made from renewable sources
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17
Q

Definition of creation

A

The act of creating the universe or the universe which has been created

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18
Q

Definition of stewardship

A

Looking after something so it can be passed onto the next generation

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19
Q

What are the Christians beliefs on why they should look after the Earth?

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A

Stewardship = God gave humans stewardship over the world - they must look after it for future generations

Authority or Dominion = God gave humans dominion over the Earth - they have a position of power and responsibility to care for God’s creation

Responsibility = Humans have a God-given responsibility to care for the world and environment for future generations

20
Q

What are the effects on Christian attitudes to the environment?

Study These Flashcards
A

Bible teaches they should:

Take care of the environment = it is a gift from God

Share resources more equally = Jesus taught Christians to love and help each other

Conserve Earth’s natural resources = for future generations

Reduce pollution = to help the environment

Care for animals and plants = they were created by God

21
Q

Why is the reason for Christians belief on why they should look after the environment?

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A

Christianity teaches that after death humans will be judged on how they acted on Earth = includes how they looked after the Earth

Bible = shows that God will be angry with those who have ruined or damaged the environment

22
Q

What are the Muslim teachings on why they should look after the Earth?

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A

Allah put humans in charge of his creation - Muslims should respect his gift

Adam was made as a khalifa (caretaker) of the Earth - all humans have this responsibility

All Muslims are part of the ummah (worldwide Muslim family) and should look after the world for future generations making sure all natural resources are shared equally

Animals are part of Allah’s creation - humans are khalifa and should treat animals with respect

On the Day of Judgement - Allah will judge everyone on how they have lived including how they have cared for the world

23
Q

What are the effects on Muslim attitudes to the environment?

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A

Islam teaches that they should:

Recycle + reduce energy loss

Support environmental organizations and charities

Planting trees and crops - using them for the good of others

Not overuse Earth’s resources

Avoid waste and pollution

Share Earth’s resources more equally

24
Q

What are types of medical treatment for infertility?

Study These Flashcards
A

Artificial Insemination

In-vitro Fertilisation

Artificial Insemination by donor

Egg donation

Embryo Donation

Surrogacy

25
Definition of embryo
A fertilised egg in the first 8 weeks after conception
26
Definition of infertility
Not being able to have children
27
Definition of in-vitro fertilisation
The method of fertilising a human egg in a test tube
28
Definition of surrogacy
An arrangement where a woman bears a child on behalf of another woman OR where an egg is donated and fertilised by the husband through IVF and then implanted into the wife's uterus
29
What are the issues with fertility treatments?
Treatments are very expensive No guarantees that procedures will work and many attempts may be needed Fertility drugs have uncomfortable side effects Couple's relationship may be put under strain Can cause problems if the surrogate bonds with the child Donor sperm or egg can cause conflict bonding with the child
30
What are Christian attitudes against fertility treatments?
No one has 'right' to have children if this is not God's will Treatments where fertilisation takes place outside of the womb involves masturbation which is a sin Where embryos are created,usually those not needed are destroyed. Some feel this is murder Against treatments where donated sperm and egg are used - seen as adultery Most do not accept surrogacy
31
What are the reasons for Christians to be against fertility treatments?
God has a plan for everyone - should be respected He intended for children to be created naturally through sex between man and woman Surrogacy and donated sperm brings a third person into relationship - adultery Destroying unused embryos is against the Christian principle - sanctity of life
32
What are Christian attitudes for fertility treatments?
Allows infertile couples to experience the joys of having children Depends on the situation - may be more acceptable for married childless couples God gave humans the knowledge to create children artificially
33
What are the reasons for Christians to be for fertility treatments?
Christianity teaches that God commanded humans to 'be fruitful and multiply' Fertility treatment is way of loving your neighbour - follows the Golden rule
34
What are Muslim attitudes against fertility treatments?
If Allah does not want a couple to have children they should accept it and not have treatment Most disagree with using donor sperm or eggs All believe surrogacy is wrong
35
What are the reasons for Muslims to be against fertility treatments?
Muslims must try to act in a way God wants Donor sperms or eggs - seen as adultery + all children have the right to know their natural parents Surrogacy - seen as adultery + believed that the woman who gave birth to the child is the mother
36
What are Muslim attitudes for fertility treatments?
In-vitro fertilisation and artificial insemination by the husband are permitted
37
What are the reasons for Muslims to be for fertility treatments?
Embryos destroyed in IVF are 14days old - Islam teaches that the soul does not enter the soul until 120 days old Sperm and egg used are from the married couple If treatment does not work then Muslims believe that this is the wish of Allah
38
Definition of organ donation
Giving organs to be used in transplant surgery
39
What are the advantages of transplant surgery?
Give people and their loved ones an opportunity to help others after their death Offers relief to those who receive transplants and their loved ones
40
What are the ethical problems with transplant surgery?
Expensive Limited form of treatment How is it decided who gets the transplant?
41
What are normal issues with transplant surgery?
There are not enough donor organs for those requiring organs It raises questions about when a person is actually considered dead It raises questions about who should get the organ when there are not enough and whether you should keep a person alive or let them die purely for an organ donation Family members may feel pressured into donating the organs of a loved one
42
What are the reasons for Christians to be for transplant surgery?
Raises no problems in the afterlife - body is not needed in heaven Organ donation is loving and charitable act - follows teaching of Jesus to love one another Organ donation is matter of personal conscience Some believe that organ donation is a positive action and are encouraged to be donors
43
What are the reasons for Christians to be against transplant surgery?
Goes against sanctity of life - people should not 'play God' Interferes with God's plan for every human being Organs are apart of a person -so it is wrong to replace part of God's creation Some believe organs shouldn't be replaced if the person deliberately caused it to themselves. E.g alcohol
44
What are the reasons for Muslims to be for transplant surgery?
It is okay if done to save the life of others - it is what Allah would want Live donations are less controversial. E.g people can survive with one kidney. So resurrection would be unaffected It would allow living donor transplants to close relatives
45
What are the reasons for Muslims to be against transplant surgery?
Qur'an teaches that the body should be buried soon after death and should not be interfered with Muslims believe the body will be resurrected on the last day and therefore organs will be needed It goes against sanctity of life because only God should give and take life
46
What do Islamic authorities think about organ donations?
Muslim Law issued the following guidance: The Council supports organ transplants to alleviate pain or save lives Muslims may carry donor cards In the absence of a donor card, the next of kin may give permission for the organs of a loved one to be used to save others lives

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