Unit 8 - The Periodic Table

Question 1

Arrangement of elements in the periodic table

Answer 1

Arranged by atomic number

Question 2

Amount of elements in the periodic table

Answer 2

118 - 94 occur naturally

Question 3

Groups

Answer 3

The columns of the periodic table

Question 4

Periods

Answer 4

The rows of the periodic table

Question 5

Number of groups in the periodic table

Answer 5

8

Question 6

Features of elements on the periodic table

Answer 6

Nucleon number and proton number

Question 7

Properties of metals in the periodic table

Answer 7

• Large atomic radius
• Conduct heat and electricity
• Have a range of melting point values
• Malleable and ductile
• Shiny

Question 8

Properties of non-metals in the periodic table

Answer 8

• Smaller atomic radius
• Do not conduct heat or electricity
• Generally low melting point values
• Brittle
• Dull

Question 9

Metalloids

Answer 9

Elements that display properties of both metals and non-metals - found in the middle of the periodic table

Question 10

Trends in groups of the periodic table

Answer 10

All elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

Question 11

Relationship with have the same number of electrons on the outer shell

Answer 11

Elements with the same number of outer shell electrons react similarly

Question 12

Period number relationship in the periodic table

Answer 12

The period number shows how many shells an element has

Question 13

Group number relationship in the periodic table

Answer 13

The group number shows how many electrons are on the outer shell of the elements

Question 14

Metal atoms relationship with ions

Answer 14

Metal atoms lose electrons and form positively charged ions

Question 15

Non-metal atoms relationship with ions

Answer 15

Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negatively charged ions

Question 16

Groups and ion charges

Answer 16

• Group 1 = 1+
• Group 2 = 2+
• Group 3 = 3+
• Group 4 = N/A
• Group 5 = 3-
• Group 6 = 2-
• Group 7 = 1-
• Group 8 = 0

Question 17

Covalent radius

Answer 17

Measure of how large individual atoms are

Question 18

Relationship with covalent radius and the periodic table

Answer 18

• Increases as you go down a group
• Decreases as you go across a period

Question 19

Group 1 metals name

Answer 19

The alkali metals

Question 20

Elements in group 1

Answer 20

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, Francium

Question 21

Chemical properties of Group 1 metals

Answer 21

• Reactivity increases down the group
• Density increases down the group
• Melting point decreases down the group
• Reacts more vigorously with water down the group

Question 22

Lithium and water reaction

Answer 22

• Happens on the surface of the water
• Hydrogen gas given off
• Effervescence can be seen
• Lithium moves around on the surface
• Water will become alkaline

Question 23

Lithium + water equation

Answer 23

• Lithium + Water –> Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
• 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) –> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Question 24

Sodium and water reaction

Answer 24

• Reaction is more vigorous than Lithium
• Heat given off
• Metal moves on the surface of the water faster

Question 25

Sodium + water equation

Answer 25

- Sodium + water --> Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen - 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) --> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Question 26

Potassium and water reaction

Answer 26

- Enough heat to ignite the hydrogen gas - Lilac flame - Potassium hops around the surface of the water

Question 27

Potassium + water equation

Answer 27

- Potassium + Water --> Potassium hydroxide + Hydrogen - 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) --> 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

Question 28

Reason for increasing reactivity

Answer 28

More shells leads to a higher atomic radius, losing less traction with the nucleus and causing the electron to be easier to lose

Question 29

Name of Group VII elements

Answer 29

The Halogens

Question 30

Features of halogens

Answer 30

- Non-metals - Diatomic molecules

Question 31

Colors of elements in Group VII

Answer 31

- Chlorine - Yellow-green gas - Bromine - Red-Brown liquid - Iodine - Dark purple solid - Increasing darkness

Question 32

Trends of The Halogens down the group

Answer 32

- Increasing darkness - Increasing density - Melting point increases - Reactivity decreases

Question 33

Reasons for decreasing reactivity

Answer 33

The ability to attract an extra electron on more outer shells weakens

Question 34

Features of transition elements

Answer 34

- High densities - High melting points - except for Mercury - Not very reactive - Don't react rapidly with air or water - very stable - Form colored compounds - Variable oxidation numbers

Question 35

Uses of transition metals

Answer 35

- Jewelry - catalysts e.g. iron to make ammonia

Question 36

Variable oxidation state

Answer 36

An element can form different ions by losing a different number of electrons e..g Iron(II) or Iron(III)

Question 37

Name for group VIII elements

Answer 37

The noble gases

Question 38

Noble Gases

Answer 38

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon, Oganesson

Question 39

Features of noble gases

Answer 39

- Colorless gases - Monatomic - Complete outer shells - Inert - not reactive

Question 40

Trends of noble gases down the group

Answer 40

- Boiling point decreases - Density increases