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Clinical Psychology Vocab 8.1-8.5 > Unit 8 Vocab 1 (Clinical Psychology) > Flashcards

Unit 8 Vocab 1 (Clinical Psychology) Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

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2
Q

Clinical psychology

A

applied field of psychology that seeks to assess, understand, and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice

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3
Q

Psychopathology

A

scientific study of the nature of the disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences

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4
Q

Defining “normal” and “abnormal”

A
  • definitions of normality vary widely by person, time, place, culture, and situation
  • difficult to define “normal”, still important to establish guidelines in order to help identify and help those suffering
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5
Q

Deviant

A

behavior, thoughts, and emotions that differ markedly from society’s ideas about the proper functioning
- different, extreme, unusual, perhaps bizarre

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6
Q

Dysfunctional

A

interfering with the ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

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7
Q

Danger

A

abnormal behavior becomes dangerous to oneself of others
- consistently careless, hostile, or confused; can
put themselves or those around at rise
- exception rather than the rule

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8
Q

Distress

A

reports feeling pain and discomfort associated with their emotions, thoughts, or behaviors

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9
Q

Diagnostic labels

A

help health care professionals when communicating about establishing therapy and causes

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10
Q

David Rosenhan

A

once labeled, the label itself can determine not only how professionals perceive and react to a person but also how the labeled persons themselves will begin to act differently
- self-fulfilling prophecy
- stigma

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11
Q

Insanity

A

legal term pertaining to a defendant’s ability to determine right from wrong when a crime is committed
- concept discussed in court to help distinguish
guilt from innocence
- no “insane” diagnosis
*mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy and reality, cannot conduct their affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior

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12
Q

Medical/Biological models

A

view abnormal behavior as an illness brought about by the malfunctions parts of the organism, believe that the most effective treatments are biological ones
- involves genetics, chemical imbalances in the
brain, functioning of the nervous system

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13
Q

Psychodynamic model

A

believe that a person’s behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces of which they are not consciously aware

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14
Q

Behavioral model

A

actions are determined largely by our experiences (response to environments)
- stimulus, response, and reward influence
abnormal behavior

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15
Q

Cognitive model

A

cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
- abnormal behavior is caused by faulty and
irrational cognitions
- can be overcome by learning to use more
appropriate cognition

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16
Q

Eclective model

A

broad-based approach, trusting a combination of established approaches to diagnose and treat individuals with psychological disorders
- biology: physical health, genetic vulnerabilities,
drug effects
- social: peers, family circumstances &
relationships
- psychological: coping & social skills, family
relationships, self-esteem, mental health

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17
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

primary symptom or the primary cause of other mental disorders and is the most common

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18
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything
- “free-floating anxiety”
- no definite trigger or starting point

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19
Q

Panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks
- attacks of intense anxiety along with severe
chest pain, tightness of muscles, chocking,
sweating
- a few minutes to an hour

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20
Q

Specific phobia

A

intense irrational fear responses to specific stimuli
- may go great lengths to avoid the phobic
stimulus
- when confronted, will generally enter a state of
panic

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21
Q

Agoraphobia

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A

afraid to be in public situations from which escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like or embarrassing symptoms occur
- panic attacks in public

22
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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A

compound disorder of through and behavior
- obsessions: persistent, intrusive, and unwanted
thoughts that can’t leave the mind
- compulsions: ritualistic behaviors performed
regularly

23
Q

Hoarding disorder

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A

persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items and distress parting from them

24
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder

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A

result of some trauma experienced by the victim, re-experience the traumatic event in nightmares or flashbacks about the event

25
Comorbidity
presence of more than one disorder in the same person
26
Bipolar disorder
mood swings alternating between periods of major depression and mania - rapid cycling is usually short periods of mania following by almost immediately by depression, usually for a longer duration
27
Bipolar I
occurrence of manic episode, hypomanic or depressive episode may follow
28
Bipolar II
presence or history of major depressive episodes, presence, or history of hypomanic episodes, no history of manic episodes
29
Major depressive disorder
intense depressed mood, reduced interest or pleasure in activities, loss of energy, and problems in making decisions or a minimum of 2 weeks
30
Schizophrenia
psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorates as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities - "split mind" refers to split from reality
31
Psychosis "Syndrome"
any disorder in which the affected person has lost contact with reality - experienced in episodes - can be drug-induced or assisted - commonly appears in the form of schizophrenia
32
Positive symptoms
characteristics of schizophrenia that are added to a person's personality, such as hallucinogens, inappropriate emotions, delusions
33
Schizophrenia
bizarre or far fetched belief(s) that are unchanging even after being proven incorrect
34
Delusions of reference
believing that hidden messages are being sent to you via newspaper, TV, radio, or magazines
35
Delusions of grandeur
believing you are someone very powerful or important, have special abilities, possessions or powers
36
Delusions of persecution
believing that spies, aliens, the government, or even neighbors are plotting against you
37
Schizophrenia hallucinations
perceiving a sensory stimulus that no one else is able to perceive, vividly real to the person experiencing it - seeing, feeling, tasting, or smelling things that are not there - most frequently, voices are heard telling them what to do, warn of danger, or talk to each other about the individual
38
Disorganized speech/thinking
combing thoughts or switching from one thought to another; "word salad" - rapidly shift from one topic to another, believing that their incoherent statements make sense
39
Inappropriate affect
emotions are unsuited to the situation - emotions may merely be a response to other features of disorder
40
Negative symptoms
characteristics take away from a person's personality; things an individual does not too - can be interpreted as depression or lazziness
41
Catatonia
a pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms
42
Stupor
stop responding to their environment, remaining motionless and silent for a long period of time
43
Rigidity
maintain a rigid, upright posture for hours and resist efforts to be moved
44
Posture
awkward bizarre positions for long periods of time
45
Flat effect
withholding of emotions and exhibiting diminished emotional expression - still faces, poor eye contact, and momentaneous voices - general lack of pleasure or enjoyment
46
Avolition
apathy or an inability to start or complete a course of action - may withdraw from social environment and attend only to their own ideas and fantasies
47
Schizophrenia Etiology
genetics, environment, neurobiology, and psychological stress contribute to schizophrenia; cause is unknown
48
Dopamine hypothesis
high fluctuation of dopamine levels can be responsible for schizophrenic symptoms - potential link to schizophrenic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
49
Diathesis-Stress model
people inherit a predisposition or diathesis that increases their risk of schizophrenia; exposure to stress may put one at higher risk of developing schizophrenia
50
Diathesis-Stress model
people inherit a predisposition or diathesis that increases their risk of schizophrenia; exposure to stress may put one at higher risk of developing schizophrenia

Clinical Psychology Vocab 8.1-8.5 (1 decks)

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