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Clinical Psychology Vocab 8.1-8.5 > Unit 8 Vocab 1 (Clinical Psychology) > Flashcards

Unit 8 Vocab 1 (Clinical Psychology) Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

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2
Q

Clinical psychology

A

applied field of psychology that seeks to assess, understand, and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice

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3
Q

Psychopathology

A

scientific study of the nature of the disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences

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4
Q

Defining “normal” and “abnormal”

A
  • definitions of normality vary widely by person, time, place, culture, and situation
  • difficult to define “normal”, still important to establish guidelines in order to help identify and help those suffering
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5
Q

Deviant

A

behavior, thoughts, and emotions that differ markedly from society’s ideas about the proper functioning
- different, extreme, unusual, perhaps bizarre

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6
Q

Dysfunctional

A

interfering with the ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

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7
Q

Danger

A

abnormal behavior becomes dangerous to oneself of others
- consistently careless, hostile, or confused; can
put themselves or those around at rise
- exception rather than the rule

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8
Q

Distress

A

reports feeling pain and discomfort associated with their emotions, thoughts, or behaviors

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9
Q

Diagnostic labels

A

help health care professionals when communicating about establishing therapy and causes

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10
Q

David Rosenhan

A

once labeled, the label itself can determine not only how professionals perceive and react to a person but also how the labeled persons themselves will begin to act differently
- self-fulfilling prophecy
- stigma

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11
Q

Insanity

A

legal term pertaining to a defendant’s ability to determine right from wrong when a crime is committed
- concept discussed in court to help distinguish
guilt from innocence
- no “insane” diagnosis
*mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy and reality, cannot conduct their affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior

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12
Q

Medical/Biological models

A

view abnormal behavior as an illness brought about by the malfunctions parts of the organism, believe that the most effective treatments are biological ones
- involves genetics, chemical imbalances in the
brain, functioning of the nervous system

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13
Q

Psychodynamic model

A

believe that a person’s behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces of which they are not consciously aware

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14
Q

Behavioral model

A

actions are determined largely by our experiences (response to environments)
- stimulus, response, and reward influence
abnormal behavior

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15
Q

Cognitive model

A

cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
- abnormal behavior is caused by faulty and
irrational cognitions
- can be overcome by learning to use more
appropriate cognition

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16
Q

Eclective model

A

broad-based approach, trusting a combination of established approaches to diagnose and treat individuals with psychological disorders
- biology: physical health, genetic vulnerabilities,
drug effects
- social: peers, family circumstances &
relationships
- psychological: coping & social skills, family
relationships, self-esteem, mental health

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17
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

primary symptom or the primary cause of other mental disorders and is the most common

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18
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything
- “free-floating anxiety”
- no definite trigger or starting point

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19
Q

Panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks
- attacks of intense anxiety along with severe
chest pain, tightness of muscles, chocking,
sweating
- a few minutes to an hour

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20
Q

Specific phobia

A

intense irrational fear responses to specific stimuli
- may go great lengths to avoid the phobic
stimulus
- when confronted, will generally enter a state of
panic

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21
Q

Agoraphobia

A

afraid to be in public situations from which escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like or embarrassing symptoms occur
- panic attacks in public

22
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

compound disorder of through and behavior
- obsessions: persistent, intrusive, and unwanted
thoughts that can’t leave the mind
- compulsions: ritualistic behaviors performed
regularly

23
Q

Hoarding disorder

A

persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items and distress parting from them

24
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A

result of some trauma experienced by the victim, re-experience the traumatic event in nightmares or flashbacks about the event

25
Q

Comorbidity

A

presence of more than one disorder in the same person

26
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

mood swings alternating between periods of major depression and mania
- rapid cycling is usually short periods of mania
following by almost immediately by depression,
usually for a longer duration

27
Q

Bipolar I

A

occurrence of manic episode, hypomanic
or depressive episode may follow

28
Q

Bipolar II

A

presence or history of major depressive
episodes, presence, or history of hypomanic
episodes, no history of manic episodes

29
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

intense depressed mood, reduced interest or pleasure in activities, loss of energy, and problems in making decisions or a minimum of 2 weeks

30
Q

Schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorates as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities
- “split mind” refers to split from reality

31
Q

Psychosis “Syndrome”

A

any disorder in which the affected person has lost contact with reality
- experienced in episodes
- can be drug-induced or assisted
- commonly appears in the form of
schizophrenia

32
Q

Positive symptoms

A

characteristics of schizophrenia that are added to a person’s personality, such as hallucinogens, inappropriate emotions, delusions

33
Q

Schizophrenia

A

bizarre or far fetched belief(s) that are unchanging even after being proven incorrect

34
Q

Delusions of reference

A

believing that hidden messages are being sent to you via newspaper, TV, radio, or magazines

35
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

believing you are someone very powerful or important, have special abilities, possessions or powers

36
Q

Delusions of persecution

A

believing that spies, aliens, the government, or even neighbors are plotting against you

37
Q

Schizophrenia hallucinations

A

perceiving a sensory stimulus that no one else is able to perceive, vividly real to the person experiencing it
- seeing, feeling, tasting, or smelling things that
are not there
- most frequently, voices are heard telling them
what to do, warn of danger, or talk to each
other about the individual

38
Q

Disorganized speech/thinking

A

combing thoughts or switching from one thought to another; “word salad”
- rapidly shift from one topic to another,
believing that their incoherent statements
make sense

39
Q

Inappropriate affect

A

emotions are unsuited to the situation
- emotions may merely be a response to other
features of disorder

40
Q

Negative symptoms

A

characteristics take away from a person’s personality; things an individual does not too
- can be interpreted as depression or lazziness

41
Q

Catatonia

A

a pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms

42
Q

Stupor

A

stop responding to their environment, remaining motionless and silent for a long period of time

43
Q

Rigidity

A

maintain a rigid, upright posture for hours and resist efforts to be moved

44
Q

Posture

A

awkward bizarre positions for long periods of time

45
Q

Flat effect

A

withholding of emotions and exhibiting diminished emotional expression
- still faces, poor eye contact, and
momentaneous voices
- general lack of pleasure or enjoyment

46
Q

Avolition

A

apathy or an inability to start or complete a course of action
- may withdraw from social environment and attend only to their own ideas and fantasies

47
Q

Schizophrenia Etiology

A

genetics, environment, neurobiology, and psychological stress contribute to schizophrenia; cause is unknown

48
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

high fluctuation of dopamine levels can be responsible for schizophrenic symptoms
- potential link to schizophrenic symptoms such
as hallucinations and delusions

49
Q

Diathesis-Stress model

A

people inherit a predisposition or diathesis that increases their risk of schizophrenia; exposure to stress may put one at higher risk of developing schizophrenia

50
Q

Diathesis-Stress model

A

people inherit a predisposition or diathesis that increases their risk of schizophrenia; exposure to stress may put one at higher risk of developing schizophrenia

Clinical Psychology Vocab 8.1-8.5 (1 decks)

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