Unit 8 Vocab Part 1

Question 1

International organization established in 1945 to assist nations in maintaining stable currencies

Answer 1

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 2

An international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs

Answer 2

World Bank

Question 3

A political and economic confrontation between the Soviet Union and the U.S. that dominated world affairs from 1946-1989

Answer 3

Cold War

Question 4

Doctrine (1947) that said the United States should assist other nations that were facing external pressure or internal revolution

Answer 4

Truman Doctrine

Question 5

European Recovery Plan (1947), committing the U.S. to help in the rebuilding of post-WW2 Europe

Answer 5

Marshall Plan

Question 6

300 day Soviet blockade of land access to United States, British, and French occupation zones in Berlin (1948-49)

Answer 6

Berlin blockade

Question 7

An informal alliance between a nation’s military and the defense industry which supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy

Answer 7

Military industrial complex

Question 8

Federal legislation of 1947 that substantially limited the tools available to labor unions in labor-management disputes

Answer 8

Taft-Hartley Act

Question 9

States’ Rights Democrat

Answer 9

Dixiecrat

Question 10

The formal policymaking body for national defense and foreign relations, created in 1947 and consisting of the president, the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, and others appointed by the president

Answer 10

National Security Council (NSC)

Question 11

Agency established in 1947 that coordinates the gathering and evaluation of military and economic information on other nations

Answer 11

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Question 12

Originally intended to ferret out pro-Fascists, it later investigated “______ propaganda” that attacked constitutional government

Answer 12

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Question 13

Anti-Communist attitudes and actions associated with ____ in the early 1950s, including smear tactics and innuendo

Answer 13

McCarthyism

Question 14

Legislation in June 1944 that eased the return of veterans into American society by providing educational and employment benefits

Answer 14

G.I. Bill

Question 15

Pacific war started in 1950 when ___, helped by Soviet equipment and Chinese training, attacked ____

Answer 15

Korean War

Question 16

Policy statement that committed the United States to a military approach to the Cold War

Answer 16

NSC-68

Question 17

Measure that provided federal funding to build a nationwide system of interstate and defense highways

Answer 17

Federal Highway Act of 1956

Question 18

1958 act that allocated grants for state universities to upgrade their science facilities, low-interest loans for college students, and provided fellowship support for graduate students planning to go into college and university teaching

Answer 18

National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

Question 19

(Authors wrote post-WW2) Rejection of standard narrative values, the spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration

Answer 19

Beat movement

Question 20

A pioneer of the Beat movement

Answer 20

Jack Kerouac

Question 21

A politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War

Answer 21

Nikita Khrushchev

Question 22

(French for “easing of tension”) Used to describe the new U.S. relations with China and the Soviet Union in 1972

Answer 22

detente

Question 23

Accord that called for reunification and national elections in Vietnam in 1956

Answer 23

Geneva Accord

Question 24

JFK’s domestic and foreign policy initiatives, designed to reinvigorate sense of national purpose and energy

Answer 24

New Frontier

Question 25

Program of economic aid to Latin America during the Kennedy administration

Answer 25

Alliance for Progress

Question 26

Site in Cuba of an unsuccessful landing by anti-Castro Cuban refugees in 1961

Answer 26

Bay of Pigs

Question 27

Crisis between the Soviet Union and the US over the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba

Answer 27

Cuban missile crisis

Question 28

Treaty, signed by the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union, outlawing nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water

Answer 28

Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

Question 29

Theme of LBJ's administration, focusing on poverty, education, and civil rights

Answer 29

Great Society

Question 30

Civil rights group formed in 1942 committed to nonviolent civil disobedience

Answer 30

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Question 31

Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared that "separate but equal" schools for children of different races violated the Constitution

Answer 31

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 32

Black civil rights organization founded in 1957 by MLK Jr. and other clergy

Answer 32

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Question 33

Protest campaign against racial segregation on the public transit system in Montgomery, AL (Rosa Parks)

Answer 33

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Question 34

Black civil rights organization founded in 1960 that drew heavily on younger activists and college students

Answer 34

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Question 35

Riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating (1961)

Answer 35

Freedom rides

Question 36

Federal legislation that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race, skin color, sex, religion, or national origin

Answer 36

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 37

Voter registration effort in rural Mississippi organized by black and white civil rights workers in 1964

Answer 37

Freedom Summer

Question 38

Religious movement among black Americans that emphasizes self-sufficiency, self-help, and separation from white society

Answer 38

Nation of Islam (NOI)