Unit 8- Vocabulary

Question 1

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

compound that stores and releases energy

Question 2

heterotroph

Answer 2

organism that consumes other organisms for food

Question 3

autotroph

Answer 3

organism that makes its own food

Question 4

photosynthesis

Answer 4

conversion of sun into energy

Question 5

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 5

ATP molecule with only 2 phosphates

Question 6

adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

Answer 6

ATP molecule with only 1 phosphate

Question 7

ATP synthase

Answer 7

process of Chemiosmosis where ATP is recharged

Question 8

Phosphorylation

Answer 8

process where the production of ATP using energy derived from the transfer of electrons in an electron transport system

Question 9

Chemiosmosis

Answer 9

the process of moving ions (e.g. protons) to the other side of a biological membrane

Question 10

photosynthesis

Answer 10

conversion of sun into energy

Question 11

pigment

Answer 11

light absorbing molecule

Question 12

chlorophyll

Answer 12

principal pigment in plants

Question 13

thylakoid

Answer 13

each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.

Question 14

grana

Answer 14

the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.

Question 15

stroma

Answer 15

the matrix of a chloroplast, in which the grana are embedded.

Question 16

stomata

Answer 16

tiny openings present on the epidermis of leaves

Question 17

guard cells

Answer 17

Guard cells are specialized plant cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange

Question 18

light dependent reactions

Answer 18

happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight.

Question 19

photosystems II and I

Answer 19

Photosystem I and photosystem II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds.

Question 20

electron transport chain (ETC)

Answer 20

a collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy.

Question 21

light independent reactions

Answer 21

use stored chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions to “fix” CO2 and create a product that can be converted into glucose.

Question 22

Calvin Cycle

Answer 22

the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules

Question 23

cellular respiration

Answer 23

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP,

Question 24

aerobic

Answer 24

requires oxygen

Question 25

anaerobic

Answer 25

does not require oxygen

Question 26

glycolysis

Answer 26

breakdown of glucose

Question 27

Kreb’s cycle

Answer 27

the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to energy-rich ATP.

Question 28

mitochondria matrix

Answer 28

the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.

Question 29

fermentation

Answer 29

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

Question 30

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 30

a type of anaerobic respiration (or fermentation) that breaks down sugars to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Question 31

alcoholic fermenation

Answer 31

a biological process by which sugar is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 32

oxygen debt

Answer 32

a temporary physiological process that occurs after performing strenuous exercise.