Unit 9 & 10 Flashcards
Political and Economic factors which existed after Versailles
Experimental governments (Czech, Yugoslavia, USSR); European economy collapse; Changing markets and trade with trade barriers and tarrifs
Countries discontent with and demanded a revision of Versailles
Germany, France and Yugoslavia (Eastern Baltic States)
Factors which pulled Europe into the Great Depression
1929 Stock Market crash; French invasion and occupation of the Ruhr; lack of distribution of goods; Failure of government policies; unemployment
The French Occupation of the Ruhr
January 1923, Germany wasn’t paying reparation payments, France invaded the Ruhr valley; German workers used passive resistance; widespread unemployment; Dawes Plan, reduced reparation payments from Germany
The Lausanne Conference
Brought the era of reparation payments to an end
Causes and effects of the lack of production and distribution of commodities in the interwar years
Started with destruction of agriculture and industry; Less production and distribution of goods; Europe digging itself a hole
British Response to the Great Depression
The Labor Party, get jobs for people
French Response to the Great Depression
Popular Front Government (liberals, socialists) to institute popular social reforms; 40 hour work weeks, paid vacations
Irish Independence
April 1960, Eastern Rising, Nationalist order (sinnfein: ourselves alone); 1919-1922, Irish Independence, Leader of IRA Michael Collins; 1949, Ireland is born
Significance of the USSR in post WWI Europe
Single most important development post WWI; 1922 USSR formed by Lenin; 1917-1922, Bolsheviks in power
Causes and Effects of War Communism
Took place during the Russian Civil War; Lenin wants complete control; Secret Police, Cheka; Centralize every part of Russian economy
The NEP
New Economic Policy; Free market enterprise outside commending heights; transportation, military, big industry
Facts about the Third International
The Comintern; Bolsheviks were to united communists outside of USSR; 21 conditions, make the state purely communist; Ultimately divided communist states more than uniting them
Facts about power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin
Trotsky: Communism to spread, true marxism, rapid industry
Stalin: NEP, slow industrial, national communism; Stalin wins
Facts about the 5 Year Plans
Out produce capitalist countries; Consumer goods weren’t met or produced enough; Creation of pure industrial cities; Focused on capital goods
Facts about Collectivization of Agriculture
Make production of agricultural goods more effective; government replaced forms of Kulaks with state run collective farms
Facts about the Nazis
Socialism, Extreme nationalism, everything for the good of the nation
Similarities between Mussolini and Hitler
Both came to power legally; Both Fascist; Opportunists; very Machiavellian; very right wing; conservative; anti-Semites; Black and Brown shirts
Mein Kampf
Hitler wrote it in prison in 1925; how to make Germany powerful again; outlined his future plans for Germany
Impact of Gustav Stressemann
Restored public confidence in the economy, implemented a new currency, got USA to implement the Dawes Plan
The Locarno Agreements
Spirit of Locarno or optimism until the Great Depression
How the Nazi’s came to power within the Reichstag
Great Depression and unemployment
How Hitler became the Chancellor
Hindenburg appointed him; Mistakes in earlier chancellors appointed; Supported by middle class
Ways in which Hitler consolidated power
Reichstag Fire let him rule by decree; The Night of the Long Knives; The Enabling Acts, suspended all civil liberties
