Unit 9 - Digestive System Test

Question 1

Digestion begins with…

Answer 1

Smelling or thinking

Question 2

What is the muscular tube between the mouth and the stomach?

Answer 2

Esophagus

Question 3

What organ produces bile?

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

Where is the appendix attached?

Answer 4

Cecum

Question 5

What is the area where the mouth, nose, and esophagus openings enter the throat?

Answer 5

Pharynx

Question 6

The wrinkles in the stomach are called what?

Answer 6

Rugae

Question 7

The alimentary canal includes what organs?

Answer 7

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

Question 8

What are the finger like projections that absorb nutrients?

Answer 8

Villi

Question 9

What is the enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate breakdown?

Answer 9

Amylase

Question 10

What is the wavelike rhythmic motion used to move food?

Answer 10

Peristalsis

Question 11

What is the function of bile?

Answer 11

To break down fats

Question 12

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Answer 12

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Question 13

The three sections of the small intestine are called what?

Answer 13

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 14

What is the section of the small intestine where bile and pancreatic secretions enter?

Answer 14

Duodenum

Question 15

Food is mixed with acid in the stomach to form a paste called what?

Answer 15

Chyme

Question 16

What is the organ that produces bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes?

Answer 16

Pancreas

Question 17

Where does the absorption of nutrients occur?

Answer 17

Jejunum and ileum

Question 18

Chewing is also known as what?

Answer 18

Masticating

Question 19

What is the sphincter between the stomach and small intestine?

Answer 19

Pyloric sphincter

Question 20

What are the three sections of the large intestine?

Answer 20

Cecum, colon, and rectum

Question 21

What is the major function of the colon?

Answer 21

Cardiac sphincter

Question 22

The tongue and hard palate work to form food into what?

Answer 22

Bolus

Question 23

Swallowing is also known as what?

Answer 23

Degluitition

Question 24

Protein breakdown begins where?

Answer 24

Stomach

Question 25

What is the sphincter between the small and large intestine called?

Answer 25

Ileocecal sphincter

Question 26

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 26

Stores excess bile

Question 27

After nutrient absorption, water is removed from chyme, forming what?

Answer 27

Feces

Question 28

What is the short muscular tube used to excrete waste?

Answer 28

Rectum

Question 29

The excretion of digestive waste is called what?

Answer 29

Defecation

Question 30

What is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius?

Answer 30

Calorie

Question 31

Which vitamin would be broken down by cooking or processing of food?

Answer 31

Water soluble

Question 32

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

Answer 32

A, D, E, and K

Question 33

Which vitamins are water soluble?

Answer 33

C and B complex

Question 34

These two minerals make up 75% of the mineral weight in our body.

Answer 34

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 35

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 35

Vitamins, minerals, and some amino acids

Question 36

Name and describe the four layers of the alimentary canal, from the inside out.

Answer 36

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and Serosa. Mucosa contains mucus to make a smooth movement of waste throughout the body. The submucosa is used mainly to support the mucosa. The muscular layer is used to squeeze waste out using peristalsis. The serosa is the last layer that is lined with mucus to prevent rubbing inside the body.

Question 37

Trace the pathway of food through the body, and explain what happens at each step.

Answer 37

1. Think about/smell food — saliva is produced, and amylase breaks down carbs. 2. Bite food — masticate 3. Tongue and hard palate — form a bolus 4. Pharynx — deglutition 5. Esophagus — peristalsis to move food 6. Cardiac sphincter 7. Stomach — food mixes with acid to form chyme 8. Pyloric sphincter 9. Duodenum 10. Liver — produces bile, which breaks down fats 11. Gall bladder — stores excess bile 12. Pancreas — contains bicarbonate ions, which neutralizes the acid in chyme, and contains digestive enzymes 13. Ilium & Jejunum — both contain villi for nutrient absorption 14. Ileocecal sphincter 15. Cecum 16. Appendix — collects leftover chyme 17. Colon — reabsorption of water, and feces formed 18. Rectum — excretes feces 19. Anal sphincters 20. Anus — defecation