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Lab Tech 1 > Unit 9 Lab Manual > Flashcards

Unit 9 Lab Manual Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for fragmentation of a cell nucleus?

A

Karyorrhexis

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2
Q

What term describes tumors of epithelial cell origin?

A

Carcinoma

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3
Q

What is a tumor arising from melanocytes called?

A

Melanoma

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4
Q

What term is used to describe a tumor or growth that is not malignant?

A

Benign

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5
Q

What is the term for paracentesis of the abdomen?

A

Abdominocentesis

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6
Q

What is the procedure for removal of fluid from the thoracic cavity called?

A

Thoracocentesis

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7
Q

What is the generic term to describe any growth, which may be malignant or benign?

A

Neoplasia

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8
Q

What type of cancer arises from cells of the connective tissues?

A

Sarcoma

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9
Q

What characterizes an effusion with low protein concentration and low total nucleated cell counts?

A

Transudate

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10
Q

What does the act of puncturing a body cavity or organ with a hollow needle to draw out fluid refer to?

A

Centesis

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11
Q

How do epithelial cell tumors usually exfoliate?

A

In clumps/sheets and are highly cellular

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12
Q

How do mesenchymal tumors typically exfoliate?

A

Singularly or in wispy spindles

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13
Q

What is the exfoliation pattern of discrete round cell tumors?

A

Exfoliate very well, usually not in clumps or clusters

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14
Q

What cell types may be present in vaginal cytology samples?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Erythrocytes
  • Epithelial (squamous, non-cornified)
  • Cornified
  • Small basal cells
  • Bacteria
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15
Q

What evaluations are performed on semen samples?

A
  • Gross appearance
  • Volume of ejaculate
  • Microscopic motility
  • Sperm concentration
  • Live-to-dead ratio
  • Morphology
  • Foreign material or cells present
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16
Q

How long should prepared cytology slides remain in fixative before staining?

A

2 – 5 minutes

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17
Q

What total nucleated cell counts (TNCCs) indicate inflammation in fluid samples?

A

Greater than 5000 mL

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18
Q

What characterizes suppurative inflammation?

A

Presence of greater than 85 percent of the TNCC

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19
Q

What does karyolysis look like?

A

A nucleus that appears swollen and ragged without an intact nuclear membrane and with reduced staining intensity

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20
Q

What does pyknosis represent?

A

Slow cell death (aging) with a small, condensed, dark nucleus

21
Q

What describes hyperplasia with no criteria of malignancy present?

22
Q

How many abnormal nuclear configurations indicate a malignant cell?

A

At least three

23
Q

What are epithelial cell tumors also referred to as?

A

Carcinoma or adenocarcinoma

24
Q

What are mesenchymal cell tumors also known as?

25
When is a cytology sample classified as granulomatous or pyogranulomatous?
When greater than 15% of the sample is composed of macrophages
26
What indicates a plasma cell tumor in a sample?
Presence of large numbers of cells with an eccentrically located nucleus and prominent clear zone
27
What organisms are commonly isolated from ear swabs and may not indicate pathology?
* Yeasts * Squamous epithelial cells * Malassezia organisms
28
What is the predominant cell type in a normal lymph node?
Small, mature lymphocyte
29
What describes epithelial cells that are angular in appearance and have no nuclei?
Cornified epithelial cells
30
What do reactive lymph nodes contain predominantly?
* Small, mature lymphocytes * Plasma cells * Lymphoblasts * Intermediate lymphocytes
31
What are plasma cells containing secretory vesicles of immunoglobulin called?
Mott cell
32
What do mesothelial cells line?
Body cavities
33
What describes a fluid sample with high fat content and large number of mature lymphocytes?
Chylous
34
What is the normal nucleated cell count for peritoneal and pleural fluids?
Less than 10,000 nucleated cells/uL
35
List the nuclear criteria of malignancy.
* Anisokaryosis * Pleomorphism * Increased mitotic activity * Nuclear molding * Multinucleation * Coarse chromatin pattern * High/variable nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
36
What does centesis refer to?
Using a needle to draw out fluid from a body cavity or organ
37
Define pleomorphism.
Something that takes a variety of shapes and forms or that has multiple morphologies
38
What is exudate?
Fluid accumulation that results from inflammatory processes
39
What is anisokaryosis?
Variation in the size of the nuclei of cells in a sample
40
What does wave motion assess in sperm?
The gross motility of sperm
41
What must be done to swabs before collecting samples unless from a moist lesion?
Moisten with saline or water
42
What is making multiple imprints from different layers of an external lesion called?
Tzanck preparation
43
How should slabs of tissue be placed for adequate fixation?
In fluid-tight jars containing formalin approximately 10 times the specimen’s volume
44
What is the starfish smear technique also known as?
Needle spread technique
45
What technique should be used for samples with low cellularity and small volume?
Line smear technique
46
What characterizes transudate?
* Large amount of fluid * Clear colorless or red tinged * Protein <3.0g/dL * TNCC <1500/uL * Cell types: mixture of monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mesothelial cells
47
What characterizes exudate?
* Variable amount of fluid * Turbid, white, or slightly yellow * Protein >3.0g/dL * TNCC >5000/uL * Cell types: inflammatory, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils
48
What defines modified transudate?
* Variable amount of fluid * Color is variable; usually clear * Protein 2.5-7.5g/dL * TNCC 1000-7000/uL * Cell types: lymphocytes, nondegenerate neutrophils, mesothelial cells, macrophages, and neoplastic cells

Lab Tech 1 (24 decks)

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