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AP Psych > UNIT 9: Mental and Physical Health > Flashcards

UNIT 9: Mental and Physical Health Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What is Positive Psychology?

A

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

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2
Q

What are Psychological Disorders?

A

Conditions characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

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3
Q

What is Psychoneuroimmunology?

A

Study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems.

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4
Q

What is Distress?

A

Negative stress that can lead to physical or mental health issues.

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5
Q

What are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?

A

Traumatic events occurring before the age of 18 that can impact health and well-being.

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6
Q

What is Stress?

A

A response to perceived threats or challenges that can affect behavior and mental processes.

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7
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

High blood pressure, often linked to stress and health issues.

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8
Q

What is Immune Suppression?

A

Reduced effectiveness of the immune system, often due to stress.

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9
Q

What is Eustress?

A

Positive stress that can motivate and enhance performance.

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10
Q

What is General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

A

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

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11
Q

What is the Tend-and-Befriend Theory?

A

A behavioral response to stress that involves seeking social support.

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12
Q

What is Catharsis?

A

The process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions.

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13
Q

What is External Locus of Control?

A

The belief that outcomes are determined by external factors.

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14
Q

What is Internal Locus of Control?

A

The belief that outcomes are determined by one’s own actions.

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15
Q

What is Problem-Focused Coping?

A

Coping strategy aimed at addressing the problem causing stress.

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16
Q

What is Emotion-Focused Coping?

A

Coping strategy aimed at managing emotional responses to stress.

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17
Q

What is Meditation?

A

A practice to focus the mind and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.

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18
Q

What is Learned Helplessness?

A

A condition resulting from the perception that one has no control over their situation.

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19
Q

What is Resilience?

A

The ability to recover quickly from difficulties.

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20
Q

What is Subjective Well-Being?

A

Personal assessment of overall happiness and life satisfaction.

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21
Q

What is the Broaden-and-Build Theory?

A

Theory suggesting that positive emotions broaden thought processes and build resources.

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22
Q

What is Posttraumatic Growth?

A

Positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity.

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23
Q

What is the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

A

A standardized classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals.

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24
Q

What is the World Health Organization?

A

An international public health agency responsible for coordinating health-related efforts.

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25
What is the International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)?
A system used to classify and diagnose mental disorders globally.
26
What is Stigma?
Negative societal attitudes towards individuals with psychological disorders.
27
What is the Eclectic Approach?
A therapeutic approach that integrates multiple psychological perspectives.
28
What is the Sociocultural Perspective?
A viewpoint that examines how social and cultural factors influence psychological disorders.
29
What are Maladaptive Relationships?
Interactions that are harmful or counterproductive to an individual's well-being.
30
What is the Behavioral Perspective?
A psychological approach that focuses on observable behaviors and their modification.
31
What is the Psychodynamic Perspective?
An approach that emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences in understanding behavior.
32
What is the Biological Perspective?
A viewpoint that attributes psychological disorders to biological factors, such as genetics and neurochemistry.
33
What is the Humanistic Perspective?
An approach that emphasizes personal growth and the concept of self-actualization.
34
What is the Cognitive Perspective?
A psychological approach that focuses on mental processes such as thinking and memory.
35
What are Maladaptive Thoughts?
Cognitive patterns that are harmful or counterproductive to an individual's mental health.
36
What is the Medical Model?
A framework that views psychological disorders as medical conditions that can be diagnosed and treated.
37
What is the Biopsychosocial Model?
An integrative model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.
38
What is the Diathesis-Stress Model?
A psychological theory that explains the onset of disorders as the result of genetic predisposition and environmental stressors.
39
What is Epigenetics?
The study of how environmental factors can influence gene expression and contribute to psychological disorders.
40
What are Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
A group of disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, impacting cognitive and emotional functioning.
41
What is Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
42
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior, often characterized by restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.
43
What are Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders?
A range of disorders characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, and sense of self.
44
What are Delusions?
False beliefs that are strongly held despite evidence to the contrary, often seen in schizophrenia.
45
What are Hallucinations?
Sensory experiences that occur without an external stimulus, commonly associated with schizophrenia.
46
What are Bipolar Disorders?
Mood disorders characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression.
47
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest.
48
What is a Culture-Bound Anxiety Disorder?
Anxiety disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts and may manifest differently across cultures.
49
What are Phobias?
An excessive and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.
50
What is Agoraphobia?
An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult.
51
What is Ataque de Nervios?
A culturally specific syndrome characterized by intense emotional distress, often associated with a stressful event.
52
What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
A chronic mental health condition characterized by an intense fear of social situations.
53
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
A disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life.
54
What is Panic Disorder?
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.
55
What are Panic Attacks?
Sudden periods of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes, accompanied by physical symptoms.
56
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
A mental disorder characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
57
What are Obsessions?
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted.
58
What are Compulsions?
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.
59
What is Dissociative Amnesia?
A disorder characterized by an inability to recall important personal information, usually related to trauma.
60
What are Dissociative Disorders?
A group of disorders characterized by a disruption in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.
61
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
A severe form of dissociation characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.
62
What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
63
What is Insomnia?
A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early.
64
What is Emotional Detachment?
A state where an individual feels disconnected from their emotions or the emotions of others.
65
What is Hostility?
A psychological state characterized by feelings of anger, aggression, or resentment.
66
What is Hypervigilance?
An enhanced state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threats.
67
What are Flashbacks?
Involuntary re-experiencing of a past traumatic event, often accompanied by intense emotional distress.
68
What are Feeding and Eating Disorders?
A group of disorders characterized by persistent disturbances in eating behavior and related thoughts and emotions.
69
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.
70
What is Bulimia Nervosa?
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging to prevent weight gain.
71
What are Personality Disorders?
A group of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience.
72
What is Therapeutic Alliance?
The collaborative relationship between a therapist and a client, which is essential for effective therapy.
73
What are Biomedical Therapies?
Treatments that focus on the biological aspects of mental disorders, often involving medication.
74
What is Psychotherapy?
A treatment method that involves talking with a trained mental health professional to address emotional and psychological issues.
75
What are Evidence-Based Interventions?
Therapeutic practices that are supported by scientific research and proven to be effective.
76
What is Psychotropic Medication?
Drugs that affect mood, perception, or behavior, used to treat mental health disorders.
77
What is Deinstitutionalization?
The process of reducing the population of mental health hospitals by providing community-based care.
78
What are Ethical Principles?
Guidelines that govern the conduct of professionals in the treatment of psychological disorders.
79
What is Systematic Desensitization?
A behavioral therapy technique used to reduce anxiety by gradually exposing a person to the feared object or situation.
80
What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy?
A type of psychotherapy that helps individuals change unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors.
81
What is Hypnosis?
A state of focused attention, heightened suggestibility, and deep relaxation used for therapeutic purposes.
82
What is Posthypnotic Suggestion?
A suggestion made to a person under hypnosis that is intended to be acted upon after the hypnosis session.
83
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?
A medical treatment that involves sending small electric currents through the brain to treat severe depression.

AP Psych (9 decks)

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