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environmental systems > unit 9 practice test > Flashcards

unit 9 practice test Flashcards

1
Q

reducing the amount of energy used

A

Energy conservation

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2
Q

energy that is stored in the bonds between different atoms and molecules

A

chemical energy

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3
Q

energy that is produced from the flow of electrons

A

electrical energy

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4
Q

electricity generated through the movement of tidal water

A

Tidal power

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5
Q

a structure where electricity is made through controlled nuclear fission chain reactions

A

Nuclear reactor

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6
Q

a measure of how much energy that is put into a system

A

Energy efficiency

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7
Q

the point at which the global rate of oil production will be at its maximum and then decline

A

Peak oil

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8
Q

kinetic and potential energy in use

A

Mechanical energy

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9
Q

wood, plant materials, or animal feces that are burned directly

A

Solid biomass

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10
Q

a process that uses different methods to collect and concentrate solar energy to boil water and produce steam to generate electricity in power plants

A

Solar thermal system

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11
Q

a place within the earth’s crust that has concentrated areas of heat

A

Hydrothermal reservoir

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12
Q

What us hydroelectricity net energy ratio

A

20-40

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13
Q

an ice-like solid that contains both methane and water

A

Methane hydrate

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14
Q

___ is a biofuel that could replace gasoline in cars and is often made from corn in the United States.

A

Ethanol

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15
Q

a system that uses temperature differences between the ground and the air to heat or cool houses

A

Geothermal heat pump

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16
Q

energy that is part of electromagnetic radiation

A

Light energy

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17
Q

the radioactive material that is left over from the process of generating electricity

A

Nuclear waste

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18
Q

ancient plant life in a rock form that is easily burned

A

Coal

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19
Q

___ is available in many areas and has no net increase in carbon dioxide emissions if forests are replanted.

A

Solid Biomass

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20
Q

What is nuclear powers net energy ratio

A

8-16

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21
Q

an energy source that is formed from ancient dead organisms

A

Fossil fuel

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22
Q

what us coals net energy ratio

A

11-33

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23
Q

plant materials or solid wastes that have been converted to a gaseous or liquid form

A

Biofuel

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24
Q

the process of using building design to collect, store, and distribute sunlight in a building naturally

A

Passive solar heating

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25
Q

_____ power is the fastest-growing type of renewable energy that can be used to generate electricity for a power plant or for individual homes.

A

Solar

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26
Q

a device that directly converts solar energy into electricity

A

Photovoltaic cell

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27
Q

the burning of something

A

combustion

28
Q

_____ is inexpensive, abundant in the United States, does not require a high level of processing, has a net energy ratio of 33, and emits the most pollutants and greenhouse gases of all energy sources.

A

Coal

29
Q

a mixture of rock and hydrocarbons that can be burned directly

A

oil shale

30
Q

_____ coal has the highest net energy value of all coal.

A

Anthracite

31
Q

energy found within an atom

A

Nuclear energy

32
Q

_____ is abundant and can be made into many products, and many countries depend on foreign imports for supply.

A

oil

33
Q

a device that moves a magnet near copper metal wires in order for electrons to flow freely

A

Generator

34
Q

​​​​____ power is reliable, but there are not many places in the world that are suitable for generating this type of power.

A

Tidal

35
Q

the total kinetic energy of all the vibrating atoms and molecules in an object

A

Thermal energy

36
Q

electricity that is generated through converting heat energy from the ocean

A

Ocean thermal energy

37
Q

the process of using technology to collect, store, and distribute sunlight in a building

A

Active solar heating

38
Q

​​​​​​​​​____ is a renewable, inexpensive, reliable source of electricity that has little to no carbon dioxide emissions, but it may cause geological damage, methane emissions, and habitat loss.

A

Hydroelectricity

39
Q

energy in motion

A

kinetic energy

40
Q

a fossil fuel that is a mixture of methane and other gases

A

Natural gas

41
Q

___ can produce methane emissions.

A

Hydroelectric power

42
Q

_____ is abundant in the United States and burns cleaner than other fossil fuels.

A

Natural gas

43
Q

an extraction method for hard-to-reach reservoirs of natural gas or petroleum

A

Fracking

44
Q

a reaction where an atom’s nucleus is split apart to form smaller nuclei

A

Nuclear fission

45
Q

a reaction where two atoms join together to make a new atom

A

Nuclear fussion

46
Q

a machine that has a rotor and blade

A

Turbine

47
Q

______ is a very clean fuel that could replace gasoline but at present has a negative net energy.

A

Hydrogen

48
Q

If you live in a place that gets its electricity from a coal plant, it is better to drive a(n) ____ car.

A

Hybrid

49
Q

___ electricity is very efficient at accessible sites but expensive at nonaccessible sites and can lead to groundwater depletion.

A

Geothermal

50
Q

electricity generated through moving water

A

Hydroelectricity

51
Q

a device that uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity

A

Fuel cell

52
Q

a chemical compound extracted from oil to make products

A

Petrochemical

53
Q

_____ power is a relatively safe, reliable way to generate electricity, but it produces hazardous waste and has low net energy.

A

Nuclear

54
Q

sand and clay particles that contain bitumen

A

oil sand

55
Q

Nuclear power plants use controlled nuclear chain reactions to generate electricity. In these reactions, which atomic particle is used to break apart the atom?

A

neutron

56
Q

What is wind powers net energy ratio

A

20-25

57
Q

​​​​_____ energy has moderate to high net energy and can be used on existing farmlands, but it can be dangerous to birds and is not always reliable.

A

Wind

58
Q

heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and the fluid in the earth’s mantle

A

Geothermal energy

59
Q

____ is still in the experimental stage.

A

Ocean thermal energy

60
Q

the amount of energy a source provides after the energy used to extract, process, and transport the source has been subtracted

A

Net energy

61
Q

force applied to an object

A

work

62
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

63
Q

a liquid, dark fossil fuel made mostly of hydrocarbons

A

Petroleum

64
Q

stored energy

A

Potential energy

65
Q

plant materials or animal wastes that can be burned for energy

A

Biomass energy

environmental systems (5 decks)

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