unit 9 review

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

cell division in somatic cells

Question 2

meiosis

Answer 2

special cell division resulting in gamete formation for sexual reproduction

Question 3

4 stages of mitosis in order

Answer 3

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

pro, meta, ana, tele

Question 4

What happens during Interphase?

Answer 4

cell growth & DNA replication between divisions

Question 5

3 things that happen during prophase

Answer 5

1. nuclear membrane disappears
2. Homologous pairs form
3. Chromatin coils up

Question 6

during metaphase the _________line up on the _______and connect to the _______fibers

Answer 6

chromosomes
equator
spindle

Question 7

Anaphase is marked by each ___ splitting into _____, which are pulled toward opposite _____ by the _____

Answer 7

chromosomes
chromatids
poles
spindle fibers

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

notes say: uncoiled

Question 9

chromatid

Answer 9

one of 2 identical “sister” parts of duplicated chromosome

half of chromosome

Question 10

centromere

Answer 10

region of chromosome where 2 chromatids attach

notes: chromosome with spindle fiber attached to

Question 11

chromosome

Answer 11

threadlike structure of DNA & protein
contains genetic information
notes: coiled DNA

Question 12

centriole

Answer 12

structure that helps organize cell division

notes:
only appears in animals and CONNECTED TO SPINDLES

Question 13

gene

Answer 13

factor passed from parent to offspring

notes: hereditary factors

Question 14

cleavage furrow

Answer 14

pinching of cytoplasm (animal)

Question 15

cell plate

Answer 15

splitting of cytoplasm (plants)

Question 16

chromosomes in eukaryotes & prokaryotes

Answer 16

eukaryotes: chromosomes found in nucleus
prokaryotes: chromosomes in cytoplasm

Question 17

gene is sequence

Answer 17

of DNA that codes for protein & determines trait

Question 18

products of meiosis

Answer 18

eggs & sperm

Question 19

male gametes

Answer 19

sperm & pollen

Question 20

female gametes

Answer 20

eggs

Question 21

another name for meiosis

Answer 21

reduction division

Question 22

in meiosis, diploid number of chromosomes is

Answer 22

reduced to haploid number of gametes

Question 23

Meiosis in testes

Answer 23

results in 4 sperm

Question 24

Meiosis in ovary

Answer 24

results in 1 egg and 3 polar bodies

Question 25

gametes

Answer 25

sex cells: egg & sperm | have haploid # chromosomes

Question 26

fertilization

Answer 26

when egg & sperm unite, restore DIPLOID number of chromosomes

Question 27

zygote grows by

Answer 27

mitosis into new organism

Question 28

2n

Answer 28

``` Diploid # of chromosomes when paired ```

Question 29

n

Answer 29

``` Haploid # of chromosomes in sex cells ```

Question 30

synapsis

Answer 30

chromososmes line up in pairs

Question 31

egg

Answer 31

female sex cell

Question 32

sperm

Answer 32

male sex cell

Question 33

homologous chromosomes

Answer 33

identical size, centromere ???

Question 34

fertilization

Answer 34

uniting of sex cells

Question 35

zygote

Answer 35

sperm and egg united

Question 36

somatic cells

Answer 36

body cells

Question 37

chromatin

Answer 37

uncoiled DNA

Question 38

chromosome

Answer 38

coiled DNA

Question 39

chromatids

Answer 39

half of chromosome

Question 40

cytoplasm division

Answer 40

animals: cleavage furrow plant: cell plate

Question 41

mitosis vs meioisis

Answer 41

mitosis in somatic cells, diploid | meiosis: gamete formation, haploid

Question 42

why must DNA replication happen before cell division

Answer 42

so that each cell has the same amount of DNA

Question 43

male karyotype

Answer 43

would have an X and a Y chromosome

Question 44

female sex cell

Answer 44

egg

Question 45

normal body cells

Answer 45

somatic

Question 46

chromosomes appear

Answer 46

prophase

Question 47

opposite cell ends

Answer 47

poles

Question 48

fibers that contract

Answer 48

spindle

Question 49

disappears in prophase

Answer 49

nucleolus

Question 50

hereditary factors - DNA molecules

Answer 50

genes

Question 51

cell division in reproductive organs

Answer 51

meiosis

Question 52

cytoplasm divides

Answer 52

telephase

Question 53

one half of a duplicated chromsosme

Answer 53

chromatid

Question 54

uncoiled nuclear material

Answer 54

chromatin

Question 55

chromosomes line up in pairs

Answer 55

synapsis

Question 56

chromosomal material

Answer 56

DNA

Question 57

animal cell cytoplasm divides with a cleavage ___

Answer 57

furrow

Question 58

cytoplasm of plant cell divides with a

Answer 58

cell plate

Question 59

sperm & egg unite to form

Answer 59

zygote

Question 60

sex cells

Answer 60

gametes

Question 61

number of chromosomes in sex cells

Answer 61

haploid

Question 62

chromosomes in the middle

Answer 62

metaphase