Unit 9: Society and Counterculture in the Cold War Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What was the significance of science and technology during the Cold War?

Brooke

A

Led to an Arm’s race, which is a definitive feature of the Cold War and led to technological advancements

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2
Q

What was the Marshall Plan and why was it important?

Isy

A

A U.S. Aid Plan to help rebuild Western Europe after World War II through N.A.T.O. (and also prevent the spread of Communism)

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3
Q

What was the purpose of the truman doctrine

A

It was a US policy to support countries resisting communism

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4
Q

9.7

What were two of Gorbachev’s reforms and what did they do?

Anna

A

perestroika restructured the economy but wasn’t super successful and glasnost encouraged openness within the USSR

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5
Q

What was Nonalignment?

Zach B.

A

It was staying neutral in the Cold War by not siding with the US or the Soviet Union. Some examples of countries that did this were Austria, Switzerland, and India.

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6
Q

Why was the Berlin Wall put into place?

Conall

A

People living in East Berlin were moving to West Berlin as a result of seeing how quality of life in West Berlin was better than in the USSR

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7
Q

What were the causes and effects of the fall of the Berlin Wall?

A

Causes: Growing public unrest in East Germany,
Soviet Union’s weakened control under Gorbachev,
Reforms like glasnost and perestroika, pressure from democratic movements in Eastern Europe
Effects: Symbolized the end of the Cold War, accelerated German reunification (1990)
,led to collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, marked decline of Soviet influence in the region

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8
Q

What was the name of the policy instituted by Gorbachev to allow for more freedom of the press and expanded expression?

Jameson

A

Glasnost

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9
Q

What did the second wave of feminism accomplish

Conall

A

The most prominent thing it accomplished was giving women more reproductive rights, with the development of new inventions like birth control pills.

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10
Q

How did decolonization affect Europes global role?

Kyanna

A

It reduced Europe’s global dominance, led to new economic and political relationships, and caused immigartion.

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11
Q

What was the FLN and what did it do during the Cold War?

Riley B.

A

The FLN (National Liberation Front) was a nationalistic political party in Algeria. It was created in order to remove the French colonial presence in Algeria and to bring Algeria back together from the fractions created duing the Algerian War.

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12
Q

How did feminism evolve in post–World War II Europe?

A

Birth control, higher education and more equal pay in jobs, anti-discrimination, and maternity leave

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13
Q

What were major economic developments in Europe after World War II?

A

welfare state expansion, EU founded, and free markets/trade

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14
Q

What is a counterculture?

Conall

A

“A way of life that is counter to the social norm”

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15
Q

What was the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Brooke

A

The Cuban Missle crisis brought the world to the edge of nuclear war which scared people leaading to détente

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16
Q

What did Counterculture activists protest against?

Brooke

A

Against The Vietnam War, for civil rights, for freedom and against materialism

17
Q

How did the Berlin airlift (1948-1949) demonstrate cold war dynamics?

Kyanna

A

The Western powers bypassed the Soviet blockade by airlifting supplies to west Berlin, displaying committment to containment without direct war.

18
Q

What were the main goals of the Soviet satellite states after world war two?

Kyanna

A

to create a buffer zone for soviet security and spread communist ideals in eastern europe.

19
Q

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine, and what did it do?

Zach B.

A

It gave the Soviet Union the right to do whatever it wanted to preserve communist rule. It allowed Russia to meddle with governments all over the East Bloc.

20
Q

What was Détente, and why is it important?

Zach B.

A

It was a relaxation of tensions in the 1970s, but had informally begun after the Cuban Missile Crisis. It led to the Helsinki Accords, which further aimed to keep peace in Europe.

21
Q

9.4

What was Krushchev’s “secret speech” and what were it’s effects?

Anna

A

It was a speech criticizing Stalin’s leadership in an attempt to create unity in the communist party and it caused resistance movements in the East Bloc.

22
Q

What was the importance of Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization?

Jonah

A

It allowed for more private industry, more liberal freedoms, and a small step away from communism, somewhat integrating into western society.

23
Q

Why was de-colonization of Algeria such a struggle?

Jonah

A

A large presence of the French population resided in Algeria, refusing independence of Algeria which lead to war.

24
Q

What was the role of “guest workers”?

Jonah

A

They addressed labor shortages, while also transforming areas like East Germany, expanding their economy.

25
What did the male dominant industry shift to and what did it cause? ## Footnote Riley B.
The industry in the 20th century shifted to a knowledge economy, which is based more on an intellectual system of consumption. Women also had more rights and opportunities. This led to an economic boom, and led to the Second Wave of Feminism.
26
What were the new revolutions in art during the 20th century? ## Footnote Riley B.
The main types of art were futurism, which aimed to capture the energy and technology of the modern world, and surrealism, which aimed to capture the chaotic and unrefined interior worlds of our minds.
27
Who was Stalin's successor?
Nikita Krushchev
28
Why did Truman make the Marshall plan?
To prevent communism from spreading into Western-Europe.
29
What did the Soviet Union do to gain control over Berlin, and how did the USA respond?
The USSR set up a blockade around Berlin, and the Americans responded by opening an airlift, and bringing supplies into the city on this way.
30
Why did the United States implement the Marshall Plan?
The United States was scared that some of the Western European countries, due to their instability, would succumb to communism, so they offered the Marshall Plan to help get them out of an economic crisis and therefore not fall to communism.
31
What was the catalyst for the Bosnian ethnic cleansing?
The catalyst of the Bosnian ethnic cleansing was the fall of the soviet union, which had suppressed ethnic minorities for so long. When they felt the minorities started to express more and more nationalism, but led to competition between them. This resulted in Serbia trying to conquer Bosnia and cleanse their land of all muslim bosnians.
32
What was the major fear of the Cold War, and why was it called a Cold War and not a hot one?
One of the major fears of the Cold War was the fear of nuclear war between the United States and Russia, which could end the world. This fear thankfully never came true as there was no actual fighting directly between Russia and the United States, and that is why it is called the Cold War. Although there were fronts in other countries in which opposing sides were supported by the United States and Russia, which both vied for influence in these countries.
33
What caused the division of Germany after World War II? | Jameson
Germany was divided into East and West due to Cold War tensions. The Soviet Union controlled East Germany, establishing a communist regime, while the U.S., UK, and France supported democratic West Germany. This division symbolized the ideological split between East and West. | Jameson
34
What reforms did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce in the USSR? | Jameson
Gorbachev introduced glasnost and perestroika in the 1980s to revitalize the Soviet Union. These reforms unintentionally accelerated the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. | Jameson
35
What Cold War term described the divide between Western democracies and Eastern communist states?
The Iron Curtain.
36