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Science > Unit A - Biological Diversity > Flashcards

Unit A - Biological Diversity Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Ecosystem

A

Biological community interacting with its physical environment. Abiotic and Biotic

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2
Q

Competition

A

When Niches overlap and they fight over resources and it becomes rare

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3
Q

Population

A

amount of members of a species who live in a specific area and share resources.

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4
Q

Variation Benefits

A

Diseases are less-likely to pass down.
Helps them adapt to environment

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5
Q

Variation Consequences

A

Natural Selection occurs.
Species can be too specialized and can make them vulnerable.

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6
Q

Variation Benefits

A

Diseases are less-likely to pass down.
Helps them adapt to environment

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7
Q

Parasitism

A

+/-

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8
Q

Mutualism

A

+/+

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9
Q

Commensalism

A

+/NA

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10
Q

Niche

A

role of an organism in its ecosystem
(What it eats, lives, and effect it leaves)

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11
Q

Non-heritable v Heritable traits

A

Non-heritable - traits that are not passed down in generations (dyed hair, muscles)
Heritable - traits that are passed down to generation. (hair color, eye color)

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12
Q

Types of Asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission
Budding
Spore
Vegetative

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13
Q

Binary fission and A/E

A

a cell splits exactly in 2 producing 2 identical cells (single celled organism)
A - rapid population

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14
Q

Spore and A/E

A

Spores created similar to seeds and then gets spread (mushrooms make ‘dust’)
A - Spores stay dormant until conditions are good

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15
Q

Vegetative and A/E

A

uses runners to grow daughter plants next to plant to take care of it.
A - Parent supports next generation until its grown
E- strawberry plants

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16
Q

Continuous v Discrete

A

Continuous - differences with a range of forms (hair color, eye color, height, etc.)
Discrete - differences that are either/or
(Roll tongue, hitch-hiker thumb)

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17
Q

Zygote

A

new cell created by gametes

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18
Q

Gametes F/M

A

Gametes are called sex cells
Female ones are called eggs
male ones are called sperm

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19
Q

Cleavage

A

When zygote splits

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20
Q

Embryo

A

When Zygote is bigger and forms

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21
Q

Pollen

A

Male gamete of plant

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22
Q

Stamen

A

Male part of plant where pollen is found

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23
Q

Ovules

A

Female part of plant

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24
Q

Pistils

A

Female part of plant where ovules are found

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25
Cross Pollination
When pollen is carried from stigma to another plant
26
Cross Fertilization
When the grain of the pollen produces a tube that grows down the style into the ovary
27
Natural Selection
When a variation survives better, and the other dies off
28
Linnean classification
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (King Phillip comes over for good slurpees)
29
Allele
-one of the specific genes in the pair -two alleles for each gene
30
Gene
-small segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or characteristics -section of the chromosomes
31
Traits
Specific characteristics about an organism
32
Dominant Allele
-Uppercase Letter -Will mask the recessive trait -Makes the Phenotype
33
Recessive Allele
-Lowercase Letter -Only show when you have both Recessive traits
34
Purebred
-BB or bb -Has the same alleles for its genotype
35
Purebred Dominant v Purebred Recessive
Purebred Dominant is BB Purebred Recessive is bb
36
Hybrid
-Bb -have both alleles (D+R) for its genotype
37
Genotype
-2 letter code -one allele from Mom and one from Dad
38
Phenotype
-What the genotype actually shows -makes the characteristics
39
BB means
Purebred Dominant
40
Bb means
Hybrid
41
bb means
Purebred recessive
42
- -------------------- l l l l--------- l-------- What is this l l l --------------------
A Punnett Square
43
B - Black b - Brown If a Female is Purebred Recessive and the Male is Hybrid what are the chances of being brown or black? %
50% Black 50% Brown
44
Does every cell have the same DNA
Yes - except for gametes
45
What is different about the gametes DNA
it has half the DNA
46
Whose James Watson and Francis Crick
they discovered the shape of DNA
47
What are the pairs of chemicals in the DNA
Guanine and Cytosine Thymine and Adenine
48
Chromosomes
hold the DNA in a 'spool' We have 23 sets always come in pairs
49
Mitosis Process
The DNA doubles and then the cell splits making two cells
50
Meiosis Process
-DNA Doubles - the DNA legs cross over and mix DNA making variation -the cell splits in two - the cell splits again into two making Gametes with Half the DNA
51
Incomplete Dominance
when both alleles are not completely dominant or recessive making another variation.
52
Environmental Factors
things in the environment that can change characteristics. Fetal alcohol syndrome
53
Extinct
When every individual is wiped out from the planet. Dodo Bird
54
Extirpation
When every individual is wiped out from a specific area grizzly bear
55
Endangered
In immediate danger of being extinct or extirpated whooping crane
56
Threatened
Species that are likely to be endangered if something isn't done Wood Bison
57
Special Concern
vulnerable to natural events or human wolverine
58
Causes of extinction or extirpation
Catastrophic Event - forest fires Lack of food from overpopulation Disease Overspecialization
59
Overspecialization
when their niche gets too narrow that when something changes in their environment, they cant survive there anymore.
60
Human Causes of Extinction or Extirpation
-Habitat destruction - pollution, clear cutting -Introducing new non-native species - zebra mollusk -Over hunting - mostly extirpation
61
Affects of Extinction and Extirpation
It negatively affects the food web when something is gone.
62
Biotechnology
Using Living things to make agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products EX. Making cows genetically bigger
62
Artificial Selection
Breeding individuals with desirable variations to do something specific like reproduce more of them.
63
Biotechnology
the methods that scientists use to genetically engineer a living thing to get desirable traits
64
Creating plant clones
Scientists take a plant cell and put it in a petri dish and it grows into a seedling making it identical
65
Artificial Insemination
taking a sperm and injecting it into a females to make desirable traits Cows
66
In Vitro Fertilization
gametes are placed into a petri dish and fertilization occurs. embryos are placed into females so they are born naturally
67
Disadvantages to Artificial Selection
reduces genetic variation and makes them susceptible to deiseases
68
Disadvantages to Cloning
Birth defects without a known reason
69
In-situ conservation and Ex.
Conservation done in the natural habitat. -Nature Preserves -Wild life corridors -putting animals on the Endangered list
70
71
Mutant
When two different variations mix making a new variation

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