Unit: Beginnings - 600 BCE

Question 1

Anatomically modern human beings have been on the world for?

Answer 1

Anatomically modern human beings have been on the world for 200,000 yrs

Question 2

How long has Earth been around?

Answer 2

Earth has been around for 4 million years

Question 3

How long has writing been around?

Answer 3

Writing has been around for 4,000 years

Question 4

How long has agriculture been around for?

Answer 4

Agriculture has been around for 10,000-15,000 years

Question 5

What is the Rosetta Stone

Answer 5

lets you understand many type of old writing like hieroglyphics

Question 6

What is Radiocarbon dating?

Answer 6

a method that provides objective age estimates for carbon-based materials that originated from living organisms. 50,000 years

Question 7

What is Potassium Argon dating?

Answer 7

Potassium Argon dating helps you find age as far back as 4,500,000 years.

Question 8

Where did homo sapians start?

Answer 8

North Africa

Question 9

What is Bipedalism?

Answer 9

ability to walk upright on two legs

Question 10

What is the Aridity hypothesis?

Answer 10

The Aridity hypothesis is when early homids were more suited to dry climates & evolved as the Africa’s dry savannah regions expanded

Question 11

What is the Savannah hypothesis?

Answer 11

The Savannah hypothesis is the early tree creatures were pushed out of trees due to environmental change, forcing homo sapians to use two legs instead of climbing

Question 12

Why did humans migrate from Africa?

Answer 12

humans migrated from Africa due to depletions of resources like food

Question 13

Where in Africa did the homo sapians start?

Answer 13

Homo sapians originated in Ethiopia

Question 14

What did advantages did homo sapians have that helped them survive?

Answer 14

Homo sapians had Fire, tools and language

Question 15

Why was fire essential to the early people?

Answer 15

Fire was essential bc

1. fire helps you get more out of less
2. fire help you kill parasites
3. fire keeps you warm and safe

Question 16

Paleolithic

Answer 16

The Paleolithic era was when foraging, hunting & fishing - primary means of food
(old stone age)

Question 17

sociocultural evolution

Answer 17

Sociocultural evolution is the ways in which early human societies created culture

Question 18

What did society look like in the Paleolithic era?

Answer 18

Society looked like…

hunter-forager bands of 20-50 individuals
limited to what the environment provides
Resources are LIMITED, so constant MOVEMENT was necessary

Question 19

microlith?

Answer 19

Microlith is a small stone

Question 20

Composite

Answer 20

Composite is 2 or more materials to connect (like glue or string that helps connect stone and wood)
stone + string(composite) + wood = spear

Question 21

Sickle?

Answer 21

a sickle cuts grain

Question 22

mortar and pestle?

Answer 22

A mortar and pestle grinds food, spices

Question 23

Who are the Homo erectus?

Answer 23

The homo Erectus are the first to control fire and migrate to new regions

Question 24

What are homo sapians?

Answer 24

Homo sapians are different/better because they can understand complex spoken language

Question 25

What is the cave Jebel Irhoud?

Answer 25

The Cave Jebel Irhoud is evidence for North Africa instead of east Africa like previously thought

Question 26

How did people travel across the world in the Paleolithic era?

Answer 26

People traveled in small group that could move quickly and easily

Question 27

How much did the population change after agriculture?

Answer 27

from 10 million to 250 million

Question 28

What is Surplus agriculture?

Answer 28

Surplus agriculture is food that didn't go to farmers and instead to the society

Question 29

What are city states?

Answer 29

City states are self governing urban centers and agriculture

Question 30

why did agriculture rise?

Answer 30

Agriculture rose because of migration and adaption due to environmental change

Question 31

where did agriculture begin?

Answer 31

Agriculture began near rivers

Question 32

Mesopotamia

Answer 32

mesopotamia 1. cradle of civilization 2. iran 3. sumerians 4. 400 BCE

Question 33

When was the wheel created?

Answer 33

The wheel was created 2000 BCE

Question 34

Sumerian cuneiform writing

Answer 34

Sumerian cuneiform writing is one of the first written scripts, and it influenced writing in Mesopotamia for 2 millennia

Question 35

What is a ziggurat?

Answer 35

A ziggurat is a place to worship gods

Question 36

What is the code of Hammurabi?

Answer 36

Hammurabi's Code was a written legal code established by the Babylonian King. The punishments in the code were adjusted depending on the status of the perpetrator of the victims.

Question 37

What is the egyptian writing system?

Answer 37

The Egyptian writing system in hieroglyphics

Question 38

What is so important about the Nile river flooding

Answer 38

The Egyptians set up their seasons around the flooding. seasons 1. flooding/induational 2. growth 3. harvest

Question 39

What are Egyptian elites?

Answer 39

Egyptian elites are those who were wealthy and powerful

Question 40

What did the Hittite Empire develop?

Answer 40

The Hittite Empire developed iron and chariots

Question 41

What happened during the Battle of Kadesh?

Answer 41

Both sides(Hittite empire & Egyptians) believed they won, the first peace treaty was created

Question 42

Where was the Indus Valley(Harappan) ancient civilization?

Answer 42

The Indus Valley civilization was in northeast Pakistan, Afghanistan, India

Question 43

What did the Indus civilization innovate?

Answer 43

The Indus Valley civilization innovated standardized weights & measures, seal carving, & metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead & tin.

Question 44

What are citadels?

Answer 44

Citadels were central areas that were heavily fortified.

Question 45

What was Mohenjo-Daros?

Answer 45

Mohenjo-Daros was one of the most sophisticated cities of this period, with advanced engineering & urban planning

Question 46

What are the Vedas?

Answer 46

The Vedas are written in Sanskrit

Question 47

What is special of the rigveda?

Answer 47

The rigveda is the oldest veda

Question 48

What are varnas?

Answer 48

Varnas - Brahims: priests, scholars & teachers - Kshatriyas: Kings, warriors - Vaishyas: farmers, merchants, artisans - Shundras: laborers

Question 49

How did the Shang Dynasty use oracle bones?

Answer 49

The Shang Dynasty used oracle bones to tell the future

Question 50

What is loess (Shang Dynasty)

Answer 50

Loess is fertile sediment that allowed people to grow a surplus of food

Question 51

What were chariots used for in the Shang Dynasty?

Answer 51

Chariots were used for military

Question 52

Why did the Shang Dynasty use grave goods?

Answer 52

Grave goods were used to show honor to the deceased person

Question 53

How was urban planning made possible in the Shang Dynasty

Answer 53

Urban Planning was made possible by a centralized government

Question 54

In the Shang Dynasty what were oracles used for?

Answer 54

Oracles were used for writing, ceremonial & ritual purposes

Question 55

How did people come to the Americas

Answer 55

People arrived in America through the Bering Strait after the last glaciation period

Question 56

What is the Quipus knot?

Answer 56

The Quipus knot is used as a way of writing and record keeping (The Caral)

Question 57

Why was the Olmec civilization forced to leave their homeland?

Answer 57

The Olmec civilization left because of environmental changes, such as silting rivers and volcanic activity

Question 58

Where does evidence of the Olmec civilization?

Answer 58

The Olmec civilization's evidence came from archaeological sources

Question 59

What is a Shaman?

Answer 59

The Shaman was a person who could communicate with the spiritual world

Question 60

What was the Chavin civilization?

Answer 60

The Chavin civilization aka the Norte Civilization was a complex society meaning that the people had interconnected roles. Artifacts that were found are Flints, and cornettes

Question 61

The temple at the Charin de Hunter

Answer 61

The Temple at the Charin de Hunter used advanced construction & drainage techniques