unit d excretory system

Question 1

ions are solely transported by active transport in this secretion of the nephron

Answer 1

the distal tubule

Question 2

glucose in the urine, extreme fatigue and thirst might indicate this disease

Answer 2

diabetes mellitus

Question 3

to move substances out of the body is called ________

Answer 3

excretion

Question 4

process of ________ : blood plasma moving into the nephron

Answer 4

filtration

Question 5

process of _______ : particles move out of the blood and into the nephron

Answer 5

absorption

Question 6

the removal of an amino group from a protein is called _________
(happens in the liver)

Answer 6

deamination

Question 7

forms the mid section of the kidney

Answer 7

medulla

Question 8

these capillaries wrap themselves around the tubule of the nephron

Answer 8

peritubular capillaries

Question 9

this part of the nephron only works under high pressure

Answer 9

glomerulus / bowman’s capsule

Question 10

these organs are the site of excretion

Answer 10

kidneys

Question 11

this hormone adjusts water homeostasis by making the distal tubule more permeable to water

Answer 11

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 12

urine with blood proteins in it might be the result of this disease

Answer 12

nephritis

pores of the nephron become enlarged and proteins can squeeze through

Question 13

when the maximum amount of a substance has moved across the nephron

Answer 13

threshold level

Question 14

this blood cleaning technique makes use of the internal organ linings

Answer 14

peritoneal dialysis

Question 15

these calcium deposits form in the kidneys and will need to be passed quickly

Answer 15

kidney stones

Question 16

tube responsible for transport of urine out of the body

Answer 16

urethra

Question 17

these tubes connect to the distal tubule and lead to the renal pelvis

Answer 17

collecting ducts

Question 18

the most commonly concentrated solute found in the collecting ducts

Answer 18

urea

Question 19

this energy compound is immediately reabsorbed in the proximal tube

Answer 19

glucose

Question 20

this 85% successful procedure might be in trouble if the immune system doesn’t cooperate

Answer 20

kidney transplant

Question 21

majorly about water absorption

Answer 21

descending loop of henle

Question 22

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 22

nephron

Question 23

the hollow part of the kidney that joins the ureters

Answer 23

renal pelvis

Question 24

this ion is secreted in order to control blood pH homeostasis

Answer 24

hydrogen

Question 25

path of blood in the kidneys

Answer 25

enters through renal artery - afferent arterioles - supplies nephrons with blood - glomerulus - leaves through efferent arterioles - blood is carried to peritubular capillaries around the kidney tubule - leaves through the renal vein

Question 26

what is uric acid?

Answer 26

formed by breakdown of nucleic acids

Question 27

what is the pathway of urine excretion ( waste )

Answer 27

``` renal arteries ( branch from abdominal aorta ) - kidneys - ureters - urinary bladder - urinary sphincter ( valve ) - urethra - leaves body ```

Question 28

what are the 3 layers of kidney

Answer 28

1. cortex ( outer ) 2. medulla ( middle ) 3. renal pelvis ( hollow chamber in very centre )

Question 29

what is the afferent arteriole?

Answer 29

carries blood TO the glomerulus

Question 30

what is the efferent arteriole?

Answer 30

caries blood AWAY from the glomerulus

Question 31

what is the peritubular capillary?

Answer 31

small blood vessels that surround tubule of the nephron

Question 32

what is the glomerulus?

Answer 32

high pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration

Question 33

what is the ureter?

Answer 33

tube connecting kidney to bladder (transports urine)

Question 34

what is the urethra?

Answer 34

tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of body (pee pee)

Question 35

what is the bowman's capsule?

Answer 35

cup like structure that surrounds the glomerulus

Question 36

what is the proximal tubule?

Answer 36

joins bowman's capsule to loop of henle

Question 37

what is the loop of henle?

Answer 37

section of the tubule that carries filtrate from proximal tubule to distal tubule

Question 38

what is the distal tubule?

Answer 38

connects loop of henle to collecting duct

Question 39

what are the collecting ducks?

Answer 39

tube that carries urine from nephrons to renal pelvis

Question 40

what is the pathway of urine in the kidney?

Answer 40

filtration: enters the bowman's capsule from the blood - proximal tubule ( thin tube ) - loop of henle - descends into medulla - distal tubule - collecting ducts - collects urine and merges into the pelvis of the kidney

Question 41

what is found in the kidney cortex?

Answer 41

bowman's capsule, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole

Question 42

what is secretion?

Answer 42

transport of materials from blood into nephron

Question 43

what is reabsorption?

Answer 43

transfer of essential solutes back and water from nephron back into blood

Question 44

what is filtration? (basic explanation)

Answer 44

movement of fluid from blood to bowmans capsule.

Question 45

what is filtration? (in detail)

Answer 45

dissolved solutes passing through walls of glomerulus and into bowmans capsule however plasma, blood cells and platelets are too big to move through the walls of the B capsule. water, sodium chlordie, glucose, amino acids, hydrogen ions, urea are all the solutes that can pass through.

Question 46

what is aldosterone?

Answer 46

a hormone that increasesreabsorbtion of sodium and water, which helps maintain water levels.

Question 47

what is ADH?

Answer 47

a chemical produced in the brain that causes blood vessels to constrict so that the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced

Question 48

what happens if ADH levels are too low?

Answer 48

the kidneys will excrete too much water, urine volume will increase leading to dehydration and a fall in blood pressure

Question 49

what happens if aldosterone level are too low?

Answer 49

dehydration, low blood pressure, a low blood sodium level, and a high potassium level