Unit D review

Question 1

Environment “selects” the most fit individuals to survive + reproduce

Answer 1

Natural selection

Question 2

Organism, variety or species

Answer 2

Polyploid

Question 3

Total of all alleles for all genes in all members of a population

Answer 3

Gene pool

Question 4

Gene pool __ when a mutation changes a gene pool and survives. Gene pool __ when an allele dies out

Answer 4

Increases, decreases

Question 5

The change in the frequency of genes in a population’s gene pool from one generation to the next

Answer 5

Evolution

Question 6

1908-__ independently derived the basic principle of population genetics

Answer 6

Godfrey Hardy & Wilhelm Weinberg

Question 7

Hardy-Weinberg principle 5 factors

Answer 7

1.No mutations
2. Random mating
3. No gene flow
4.very large population size
5. No natural selection

Question 8

That frequency of alleles in population gene pool will remain constant if 5 factors met

Answer 8

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Question 9

The gradual change in alleles frequencies of a population over successive generations (smaller organisms that produce quickly)

Answer 9

Microevolution

Question 10

When different allele travel. Y expand into new region or reduce in size

Question 11

When different allele travel. Species expand into new region or reduce in size

Answer 11

Generic drift

Question 12

A species travels into a new region. Diversity in the new gene pool will be limited

Answer 12

Founder effect

Question 13

Populations can be drastically reduced in size by various factors(over hunting, natural disaster). Since survivors have only a subset of the alleles found in the original population, the gene pool loses diversity

Answer 13

Bottleneck effect

Question 14

Random mating is uncommon for two reasons

Answer 14

Natural selection, mate preference

Question 15

Any inheritable change in the DNA of an organism

Answer 15

Mutation

Question 16

Inheritable mutations occur in a cell as it undergoes meiosis to form an egg/sperm. Two types:

Answer 16

Chromosome & gene mutations

Question 17

__Formation of a new species caused by: __&__ isolation

Answer 17

Speciation, geographical & reproductive isolation

Question 18

Gradual and natural over time as a result of mutation and adaption to changing environmental conditions. Punctuated equilibrium-shoet periods of rapid change followed by static state

Answer 18

Transformation

Question 19

One or more species arise feom parent species

Answer 19

Divergence

Question 20

All individuals of the same species living in the same place at a certain time

Answer 20

Population

Question 21

Made up of populations of all organisms that occupy an area

Answer 21

Community

Question 22

Physical area where a species lives

Answer 22

Habitat

Question 23

A population ecological role in the community, including biotic & abiotic factors under which a species can successfully survive and reproduce

Answer 23

Ecological niche

Question 24

Occurs when individuals are grouped in patches or aggressions. Organisms are distributed according to certain environmental factors

Answer 24

Clumped distribution

Question 25

Occurs when there is neither attraction nor repulsion among members of the population. Arbitrary and not very common

Answer 25

Random distribution

Question 26

Occurs when there is competition along individuals for factors such as moisture, nutrients, light & space

Answer 26

Uniform (spaced) distribution

Question 27

of organisms of the same species sharing same habitat at certain time

Answer 27

Population size

Question 28

of organisms per unit space

Answer 28

Population Density

Question 29

Change in # of individuals in population over specific time frame

Answer 29

Growth rate

Question 30

Rate of change per individuals

Answer 30

Capita growth rate

Question 31

Max # of offspring per birth

Answer 31

Birth potential

Question 32

Chance of offspring reaching reproductive maturity

Answer 32

Capacity of survival

Question 33

of times per year the organisms reproduce

Answer 33

Breeding frequency

Question 34

Age at which reproduction begins & # of years individual can reproduce

Answer 34

Length of reproductive life

Question 35

S-shape growth curve, 3 phases-lag,growth,plateau, logistical growth,k-selected, density-dependent factors, associated with intraspecific competition

Answer 35

Open population

Question 36

J-shape growth curve, 4 phases-lag,growth,stationary,death, exponential growth, r-selected, density independent factors

Answer 36

Closed population

Question 37

Maintain a stable population around the caring capacity. Usually stable environment. Larger animals w/ long life. More parental care

Answer 37

K-selected species

Question 38

Boom & bust. Unstable , unpredictable environment. Frequently exceed caring capacity. Smaller less parental care

Answer 38

R-selected species

Question 39

Funcundity

Answer 39

of offspring you can have per birth

Question 40

Abiotic, affects memebers of a population regardless of population density

Answer 40

Density independent

Question 41

Biotic, factors that arise from population density that affects members of that population. Bigger impact of large population

Answer 41

Density dependent

Question 42

Max # of individuals of one species the environment can support with no net increase/ decrease in population

Answer 42

Carrying capacity

Question 43

Environmental factors (biotic&abiotic) that lower a populations numbers

Answer 43

Environmental resistance

Question 44

Almost all individuals achieve max age of which they are physiological capable. Low death when young, as age increase so does death rate

Answer 44

Type l survivorship curves

Question 45

A certain factor of the animals die at each age, chance of death same at all ages. Death mainly due to accidents & predators

Answer 45

Type ll survivorship curves

Question 46

Most common. Species w/ high reproductive rates lose vast majority of offspring at early age.

Answer 46

Type lll survivorship curves

Question 47

“If two populations of organisms occupy the same ecological niche, one of the populations will be eliminated “

Answer 47

Gauses principle

Question 48

Occurs between similar species for a limited resource

Answer 48

Interspecific competition

Question 49

Occurs within an ecological niche of members within the same species

Answer 49

Intraspecific competition

Question 50

An adaptation in form, shape or behaviour that better enables an organism to avoid a predator

Answer 50

Camouflage

Question 51

Involves developing a similar colour pattern, shape or behaviour that has been provided another organism w/ some survival advantage.

Answer 51

Mimicry

Question 52

Relationship in which two different organisms live in a close association

Answer 52

Symbiosis

Question 53

Relationship in which two different organisms live together & both benefit from a relationship

Answer 53

Mutualism

Question 54

Association between two organisms in which one benefits and other is unaffected

Answer 54

Commensalism

Question 55

Parasite obtains nourishment fromtheu hosts, but do not kill them but often will affect host I detrimental way

Question 55

Parasite obtains nourishment from their hosts, but do not kill them but often will affect host In a detrimental way

Answer 55

Parsitism

Question 56

Stable, final community

Answer 56

Climax community

Question 57

Occurs in an area which no community preciously existed. Takes long time

Answer 57

Primary succession

Question 58

Occurs following complete or partial destruction of community. Quicker(already have soil)

Answer 58

Secondary succession

Question 59

Slow, orderly progressive replacement of the community by another during an area’s development

Answer 59

Succession