Unit D Topic 2: Evolution

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

• the science of classification according to the interpretation of relationships among organisms

Question 2

Kingdoms of Classification

Answer 2

1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species

Question 3

Eubacteria

Answer 3

• unicellular/prokaryotic
• come in variations of 3 basic shapes: round, rod, and spiral
• contain peptidoglycan in cell wall

Question 4

Archaebacteria

Answer 4

• unicellular/prokaryotic
• many can withstand harsh environments
• do not contain peptidoglycan in cell walls
• can be photo-/heterotroph-/chemotrophic

Question 5

Protista

Answer 5

• most are unicellular/eukaryotic
• include slime molds, single-celled algae, and amoeba

Question 6

Fungi

Answer 6

• include yeasts, mildew, molds, and mushrooms
• most multicellular/eukaryotic
• heterotrophic (don’t contain chlorophyll = not photosynthetic)
• contain chitin in cell walls (not found in plants)
• reproduce (a)sexually
• do not need light to grow, require oxygen

Question 7

Plantae

Answer 7

• multicellular/autotrophic
• contain cellulose in cell walls
• reproduce (a)sexually

Question 8

Animalia

Answer 8

• heterotrophic
• reproduce sexually
• includes all mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians… etc.

Question 9

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 9

• a method of naming organisms by using two names (genus and species) and italics

Question 10

Phylogeny

Answer 10

• proposed evolutionary history of a species

Question 11

Dichotomous key

Answer 11

• a two-part key used to identify living things

Question 12

Peptidoglycan

Answer 12

• material that helps protect bacterial walls from environment stress and maintaining its shape

Question 13

Chitin

Answer 13

• building material that provides strength to cell walls of fungi, not found in plants

Question 14

Lamarckian Theory (1744-1829)

Answer 14

• a species increased in complexity over time until it reached perfection through spontaneous generation
• concept of inheritance of acquired traits
• environment plays a role in evolutionary change

Question 15

Darwinian Theory (1809-1882)

Answer 15

1. Overproduction
2. Struggle for existence
3. Variation
4. Survival of the fittest
5. Origin of new species

Question 16

Natural selection

Answer 16

• the result of different rates of reproductive success caused by variations in their inherited characteristics

Question 17

Mutation

Answer 17

• a change in DNA sequence of a chromosome
• neutral, beneficial, and harmful

Question 18

(A)sexual reproduction

Question 19

Theory of Gradualism

Question 20

Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 21

Endemic species

Question 22

Homologous features

Question 23

Analogous features

Question 24

Vestigial features