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MedSurg > Unit Exam 1 > Flashcards

Unit Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Are Dependent on dynamic processes that are crucial for life and homeostasis

A

Fluid and electrolyte balance

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2
Q

Plasma composed of how many percent

A

92%

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3
Q

Body fluid is located into fluid compartments

A

Intracellular space and extracellular space

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4
Q

2/3 of body fluid is in the

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

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5
Q

1/3 of body fluid is in the

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

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6
Q

The ECF compartment is further divided into

A

Intravascular, interstitial and transcellular fluid

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7
Q

Space that contains plasma, the effective circulating volume

~3L of the average 6L of blood volume in adults is made up of plasma

A

Intravascular space

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8
Q

A space that contains the fluid that surrounds the cell and totals about 11 to 12 L in an adult

A

Interstitial space

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9
Q

A space that is the smallest division of the ECF compartment and contains approximately 1 L

A

Transcellular space

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10
Q

What are the two major compartments

A

ICF and ECF

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11
Q

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and hydrogen ions

A

Major cations in the body

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12
Q

Chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate and negatively charged protein ions

A

Major anions in the body

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13
Q

The diffusion of water caused by fluid and solute concentration gradients is known as

A

Osmosis

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14
Q

Is the number of Miliosmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

A

Osmolality

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15
Q

Is the number of Miliosmoles per liter of solution

A

Osmolarity

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16
Q

Is the pressure exerted by fluid on the walls of the blood vessel

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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17
Q

Is the pressure exerted by the solute’s with in the plasma

A

Osmotic pressure

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18
Q

Is fluid consisting of non-soluble substances that are evenly distributed within a solvent

A

Colloid

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19
Q

Are mineral ions dissolved in water

A

Crystalloid solutions

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20
Q

Normal Saline (0.9 % NaCl)
Half Normal Saline (0.45 % NaCl)
Lactated Ringer’s solution (Plasma-Lyte)

A

Examples of crystalloid solutions

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21
Q

Albumin Solutions
Hyperoncotic starch
Dextran

A

Examples of colloid solutions

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22
Q

Is the ability of solutes to cause an osmotic driving force that promotes water movement from one compartment to another

A

Tonicity

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23
Q

Are composed of 0.9% NaCl
The same sodium and chloride concentration as the bloodstream and the same water concentration as the bloodstream
Do not provoke water movement between ICF or ECF compartments
Expand the plasma volume of the blood

A

Isotonic solutions

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24
Q

Are composed of less sodium chloride concentration compared to the blood
0.45% NaCl or 0.225% NaCl
Contain less solute but more water than the bloodstream

A

Hypotonic solutions

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25
Q

Are composed of greater concentration of NaCl Compared to blood
Contain more solute concentration and less water than the bloodstream

A

Hypertonic solutions

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26
Q

Is the increase in urine output caused by the excretion of solutes such as glucose or mannitol

A

Osmotic diuresis

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27
Q

Is a laboratory value that measures the amount of urea in the bloodstream 

A

BUN

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28
Q

Is a breakdown Product of muscle metabolism that is almost totally cleared from the bloodstream and excreted by the kidneys

A

Creatinine

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29
Q

Measures the percentage of red blood cells

A

Hematocrit

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30
Q

Is the rapid loss of body weight due to the loss of either water or sodium 

A

Dehydration

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31
Q

Other term for hypovolemia

A

Fluid volume deficit

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32
Q

Occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid

A

Hypovolemia

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33
Q

Normal BUN to and creatinine concentration ratio

A

10:1

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34
Q

Refers to an expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF

A

Hypervolemia or FVE

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35
Q

The most abundant electrolyte in the ECF

A

Sodium

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36
Q

Normal values of sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

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37
Q

Earliest manifestation of hypovolemia

A

Thirst

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38
Q

What is CVP

A

Central venous pressure

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39
Q

Normal CVP

A

8-12 mmHg

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40
Q

It is the pressure of your vena cava; reflects your right atrium perfusion

A

CVP

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41
Q

What should you give If the patient experiencing cramping during dialysis

A

Give Chippy or food that is high in sodium

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42
Q

An emergency situation where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body due to significant blood or other fluid loss

A

Hypovolemic shock

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43
Q

Where is the site of absorption of potassium in the body

A

Small intestine (duodenum)

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44
Q

Site of obstruction of sodium in the body

A

jejunum

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45
Q

Other term for generalized edema

A

Anasarca

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46
Q

Medical term for swelling brought on by fluid entrapment in human tissues

A

Edema

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47
Q

Famous colloid solutions

A

BLOOD BYPRODUCT
-Fresh whole blood
-Platelet concentration
-Plasma expander

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48
Q

Give crystalloid when patient is

A

Unable to eat and cannot absorb food

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49
Q

Water intoxication
Consumes too much water without electrolytes

A

Dilutional Hyponatremia

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50
Q

3 factors that lead to hyponatremia

A

Excessive diarrhea
Excessive vomiting
Diaphoresis

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51
Q

What is ICP

A

intracranial pressure

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52
Q

How to determine hyponatremia

A

Diagnostic test:
BUN
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphate

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53
Q

How to treat hyponatremia

A

Give hypertonic solution 

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54
Q

contraindicated for patients with seizure

A

Vaprisol

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55
Q

Safe to give to Seizure patients

A

tolvaptan

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56
Q

Prominent cause of hypernatremia

A

Crackles

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57
Q

Normal value of Potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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58
Q

Three components of sweat

A

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride 

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59
Q

Accounts 98% in ICF
2% in ECF

A

Potassium

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60
Q

Percent of potassium excreted daily

A

80%

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61
Q

Potassium imbalances that is caused from medications

A

NSAIDS and ACE inhibitors

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62
Q

Normal Value of Calcium

A

8.5-10.2 mEq/L

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63
Q

Normal Value of Magnesium

A

1.3-2.3 mEq/L

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64
Q

Magnesium salt includes

A

Calcium Oxide

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65
Q

Normal Value of Phosphorus

A

2.5-4.5 mEq/L

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66
Q

Normal Value of Chloride

A

97-107 mEq/L

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67
Q

Major anion in ECF

A

Chloride

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68
Q

pH

A

7.35 - 7.45
Acid < > Alklaline

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69
Q

PaCO2

A

35 - 45 mmHg
Alkaline < > Acidosis

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70
Q

HCO3

A

22 - 26 mEq/L
Acid < - > Alkali

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71
Q

Two problems in hypovolemia

A

Sodium and potassium

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72
Q

Responsible for stress responses

A

Adrenal

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73
Q

The specific urine gravity of hypovolemia increases or decreases?

A

Increases

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74
Q

A good provider of sodium balance

A

Adrenal

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75
Q

HYPOVOLEMIA:

BUN + Creatinine ratio

A

High; 1:1

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76
Q

HYPOVOLEMIA:

Hematocrit is…

A

Declined

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77
Q

Major electrolyte inside and outside

A

Sodium and potassium

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78
Q

Hypovolemia Gerontologic Considerations

A

I and O
-1000 ml intake; output 980-1000 ml
Weight
Filling of the veins assessment
Functional ability
Verbalization of feelings
Fluid intake

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79
Q

What solution expands plasma volume

A

Isotonic solution (LR and 0.9% NaCl)

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80
Q

HYPOVOLEMIA:
What is your first line of defense if there is an increased blood pressure 

A

LR and 0.9% NaCl

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81
Q

What solution would you give if blood pressure is within normal limits

A

0.45% NaCl

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82
Q

Restlessness, Agitation, anxiety, Pallor, Clammy skin

A

Compensated shock

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83
Q

Alterations in mental status
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Labored and irregular breathing
Week to absent peripheral pulses
A decrease in body temperature
Cyanosis

A

Decompensated shock

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84
Q

A shock that is in Terminal stage
Compensatory mechanism is failed

A

Irreversible shock

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85
Q

A mask that is good for emergency situation

A

Rebreather mask

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86
Q

Retains water and sodium that cause swelling

A

Hypervolemia

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87
Q

Medication that causes edema

A

Nephrotoxic medication
NSAIDs
Corticosteroid
Antihypertensive medication

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88
Q

This is to generate the oncotic pressure to prevent swelling in spaces

A

Expander or 20% human albumin

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89
Q

What do you mean by settling of blood

A

Set aside the blood in room temperature aron mosaka ang plasma

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90
Q

What type are electrolytes

A

Isotonic

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91
Q

Decrease in sodium and extra cellular spaces

A

Aldosterone deficiency

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92
Q

ICP normal Value

A

10 to 20 mmHg

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93
Q

Why is water supplement avoided

A

To prevent congestion of lungs

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94
Q

2 T as Early signs of hypernatremia

A

Elevated temperature
Elevated thirst

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95
Q

Late signs of hypernatremia

A

Cognitive impairment

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96
Q

Medical management for hypernatremia

A

-Hypotonic solution (or isotonic D5W When water is replaced alone)
-Diuretics
-Desmopressin


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97
Q

Fatigue
Sluggish bowel syndrome or decreased bowel mobility
Paresthesia
Ventricular asystole or flatline

A

Clinical signs of hypokalemia

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98
Q

Conventional treatment for hypokalemia

A

Daily diet intake
Oral potassium

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99
Q

If hypokalemia is not treated with conventional treatment

A

Have an IV replacement therapy

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100
Q

Do not give IV push when giving potassium instead…

A

Use infusion pump

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101
Q

First assessment for hyperkalemia

A

ECG

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102
Q

Emergency drug for hyperkalemia

A

Calcium gluconate

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103
Q

ECG 

A

Atrial depolarization
Ventricular depolarization
Atrial repolarization
Ventricular repolarization

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104
Q

Calcium percentage

A

99% located in skeletal system long bones and teeth
1% skeletal calcium

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105
Q

Emergency drug for hypercalcemia

A

Calcitonin

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106
Q

Hypocalcemia is prone to

A

Elderly people
—because of decreased calcium and prolonged bed rest

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107
Q

Early signs of hypocalcemia

A

Tetany (Chvostek & Trousseau)

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108
Q

Torsades de pointes means

A

Tachycardia or fast heart rhythm

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109
Q

Pharmacological treatment for hypocalcemia

A

Calcium chloride
Calcium gluconate

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110
Q

What should not be given to hypocalcemia patients

A

0.9% sodium chloride

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111
Q

Develop renal stones inside the kidneys


A

Hypercalcemia

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112
Q

Common predisposing factors of hypercalcemia

A

Grave’s disease
Malignant bone tumor 

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113
Q

Emergency drugs for hypercalcemia

A

Calcium gluconate and potassium chloride

114
Q

Long-term drug for hypercalcemia

A

Biphosphate

115
Q

Short term drug for hypercalcemia

A

Calcitonin

116
Q

ABG of patient if calcium is decreased

A

Acidotic

117
Q

Last resort for hypercalcemia

A

Dialysis

118
Q

Prevention for hypercalcemia

A

Hydration
Safety
Avoid calcium medications
Avoid foods high in Calcium

119
Q

Can occur with GI and renal losses as these organs are major regulators of potassium

A

Hypokalemia

120
Q

Can occur with adrenal insufficiency due to aldosterone deficiency which causes lack of potassium excretion

A

Hyperkalemia

121
Q

Can occur with increased thirst and ADH release, which increases water content of the bloodstream

A

Hyponatremia

122
Q

Can result from increased insensible water losses and diabetes insipidus

A

Hypernatremia

123
Q

A hormone in the hypothalamus that prevents increased ECF osmolarity

A

Vasopressin

124
Q

Etiologies associated with hypocalcemia except

A

Metastatic bone lesions

125
Q

Clinical signs of hyponatremia/ low sodium

A

Dry skin
Nausea
Orthostatic hypotension

126
Q

Foods that are rich in magnesium

A

Cauliflower (green leafy veggies)
Peanut butter
Canned tuna
Beans
Lentils
White potatoes
Wheat bran
Dry roasted almonds

127
Q

High-risk for fluid volume deficit

A

Low suction

128
Q

What to anticipate after giving 25% albumin with hypovolemic shock

A

Increased BP

129
Q

FVE neck appears to be

A

Distended

130
Q

Following hormones that Don’t help in the balance of fluid

A

PTH

131
Q

Assessing electrolyte imbalance of low potassium may cause

A

Hyporeflexia 

132
Q

Not a manifestation of fluid volume congestion

A

Capillary refill six seconds

133
Q

Normal Urea

A

6-24 mg/dl

134
Q

Normal Creatinine in Male

A

0.6-1.04 mg/dl

135
Q

Normal Creatinine in Female

A

0.1-1.25 mg/dl

136
Q

Uric acid male

A

3.4-7 mg/dl

137
Q

Uric acid Female

A

2.4-6 mg/dl

138
Q

Urine Specific Gravity

A

1.010-1.025

139
Q

Lithium Toxicity

A

0.6-1.2 mEq/L

140
Q

An isotonic solution that expands extracellular Fluid volume; used in hypovolemic states, resuscitative efforts, Shock, DKA, Metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia, mild sodium deficit

A

0.9% NaCl

141
Q

An isotonic solution used in the treatment of hypovolemia, burns, fluid loss as bile or diarrhea, and for acute blood loss replacement

Should not Be used in kidney injury because it contains potassium and can cause hyperkalemia

A

Lactated Ringer’s Solution

142
Q

An isotonic solution used in treatment of hypernatremia, fluid loss, and dehydration

A

D5W

143
Q

A hypertonic solution used to increase ECF volume, decrease cellular swelling

Highly hypertonic solution used only in critical situations to treat hyponatremia

A

3% NaCl

144
Q

Four types of stones in hypercalcemia

A

Calcium oxalate
Uric acid
Struvite
Cystine

145
Q

A stone that is commonly present in all calcium foods

A

Calcium oxalate

146
Q

Stone that is a breakdown of urine and causes arthritis

A

Uric acid

147
Q

A stone that is less common and prone to UTI patients

A

Struvite

148
Q

A stone that is hereditary and the primary assessment is Genogram

A

Cystine

149
Q

It is a test to get urine specimen to assess ability of kidney to excrete calcium

A

Sulkowitch Test

150
Q

Normal urine color

A

Pale to dark amber 

151
Q

Abnormal urine color

A

Darker amber

152
Q

Route of administration for calcitonin

A

Intramuscular

153
Q

Why wouldn’t you give calcitonin to subcutaneous route

A

SubQ doesn’t absorb calcium

154
Q

When should you ambulate a patient with hypercalcemia

A

Ambulate as soon as possible

155
Q

Food for hypercalcemia that is high in enzyme and fiber

A

Papaya

156
Q

Most abundant cation inside the cell

A

Magnesium

157
Q

Magnesium helps in synthesis of two products

A

Protein and carbohydrates

158
Q

Common problem of magnesium deficit

A

Muscle wasting

159
Q

Associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia

Causes significant decline of albumin

A

Hypomagnesemia

160
Q

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

A

Digibind

161
Q

Determines the quantity of magnesium

A

NMR Spectrometer 

162
Q

Where to administer magnesium sulfate

A

Eclamptic -outer quadrant sa lobot

Dili eclamptic -IV infusion

163
Q

What combats magnesium toxicity

A

Calcium gluconate

164
Q

Most common problem for hypermagnesemia

A

Renal failure

165
Q

Common problem for hypomagnesemia

A

Alcoholism

166
Q

Flushing
Hypotension
Weakness
Drowsiness
Hypoactive reflexes
Depressed respiration

A

Clinical manifestation of hypermagnesemia

167
Q

Risk for thrombocytopenia

A

Something of platelet

168
Q

Normal creatinine clearance

A

Male: 97-137
Female: 88-128

169
Q

Emergency drug for hypermagnesemia

A

Calcium gluconate

170
Q

Cause fluid transhifting

A

Burns

171
Q

Good source of chloride

A

Tomato juice

172
Q

Two sites that determines arterial and circumflex assessment

A

Radial and femoral

Last resort: Brachial

173
Q

Radial gauge

A

Gauge 22

174
Q

Femoral gauge

A

Gauge 20

175
Q

Repercussions to acid-base

A

Bruising/Hematoma
Increased bleeding

176
Q

ABG contraindication

A

Peripheral vascular disease
Cellulitis and low platelet
Heparin medication

177
Q

What test should you perform before taking ABG

A

Modified Allen test

178
Q

A test to determine collateral arterial supply of four major arteries of the heart

A

Allen test

179
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone

180
Q

Primarily occurs due to an imbalance of water rather than sodium

A

Hyponatremia

181
Q

The ECF volume has excess water but there is no EDema and the excess water dilutes the sodium

A

Dilutional hyponatremia

182
Q

Although the patient with SIADH retains water abnormally there is no Peripheral Edema; instead, Fluid accumulates inside the cells. This phenomenon sometimes manifests as

A

Pitting Edema

183
Q

Hyponatremia Sodium Replacement:

For patients who can eat and drink sodium can be easily replaced through

A

Normal diet

184
Q

Hyponatremia Sodium Replacement:

What should you give for those who cannot consume sodium

A

LR or 0.9% NaCl

185
Q

A common cause of hypernatremia

A

Fluid deprivation in patients who do not respond to thirst

186
Q

Clinical manifestations of hypernatremia are due to

A

Increased plasma osmolality caused by an increase in plasma sodium concentration

187
Q

A primary characteristic of hypernatremia

A

Thirst

188
Q

What potassium losing diuretics can induce hypokalemia

A

Thiazides
Loop Diuretics

189
Q

A treatment for seizure that have side effects that increase the risk of hyponatremia

A

Anticonvulsant

190
Q

Flat or inverted T-wave
Prominent U wave
Depressed ST segment
Prolong PR interval
Wide QRS

A

Hypokalemia

191
Q

Hyperkalemia increases sensitivity to

A

Digitalis

192
Q

Commonly associated with hypokalemia

A

Metabolic alkalosis

193
Q

Foods high in potassium

A

Banana
Melon, citrus fruits
Legumes
Whole grains
Milk
Lean Meat

194
Q

A potassium imbalance that seldom occurs in patients with normal renal function

A

Hyperkalemia

195
Q

What causes hyperkalemia

A

Iatrogenic causes

196
Q

Who are at risk for hyperkalemia because of a lack of aldosterone

A

Hypoaldosteronism or Addison disease

197
Q

Major causes of hyperkalemia

A

Decreased renal excretion of K
Rapid administration of K
Movement of K from the ICF to the ECF compartment

198
Q

What do you call a false hyperkalemia

Extraction of blood is improper

A

Pseudohyperkalemia

199
Q

Tall/narrow T-wave
Prolong PR interval
Prolong/wide QRS
Absent P-wave
Depressed ST segment


A

Hyperkalemia

200
Q

Emergency drug for hyperkalemia

A

Calcium gluconate

201
Q

Foods with minimal potassium content

A

Butter/margarine
Cranberry juice or sauce
Ginger ale
Gum drops/jellybeans
Root beer
Sugar and honey

202
Q

Percent in calcium

A

99% skeletal system (bones&teeth)
1% skeletal calcium/blood calcium

203
Q

Prolong QT interval
Prolong ST segment
Torsades de pointes

A

Hypocalcemia

204
Q

Is associated with the prolongedLow intake of calcium and represents a total body calcium deficit even if calcium levels are usually normal

A

Osteoporosis 

205
Q

IV administration of calcium is dangerous in patients receiving

A

Digitalis medications

206
Q

Foods rich in calcium

A

Milk products
Green leafy vegetables
Canned salmon/sardines
Fresh oysters

207
Q

Common causes of hypercalcemia

A

Malignancies
Hyperparathyroidism

208
Q

Refers to an acute rise in the serum calcium level

Severe thirst and Polyuria are often present

A

Hypercalcemic crisis

209
Q

Short QT interval
Short ST segment


A

Hypercalcemia

210
Q

HYPERCALCEMIA:
2 Cs to find during xray

A

Calcification of bones
Calculi (stones)

211
Q

Abundant intracellular cation

A

Magnesium

212
Q

Major cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia

A

Chronic alcoholism

213
Q

Hypomagnesemia is associated with

A

Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia

214
Q

Tetany can also occur in

A

Hypomagnesemia

215
Q

1/3 & 2/3 of Mg goes into

A

1/3 goes into protein
2/3 are excreted

216
Q

Common signs of hypomagnesemia

A

G.I. dysfunctioning
Excessive diarrhea
Fistula

217
Q

Tall/inverted T-wave
Depressed ST segment
Prolonged PR
Wide QRS

A

Hypomagnesemia

218
Q

What may help identify the cause of magnesium depletion

A

Urine magnesium

219
Q

Common cause of hypermagnesemia

A

Kidney injury or renal failure

220
Q

If patient has severe hypermagnesemia

A

Discontinue oral medication

221
Q

Primary anion of the ICF

A

Phosphorous

222
Q

Less common electrolyte imbalance is

A

Hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia

223
Q

Malabsorption of phosphorus

A

RESIN

224
Q

Signs and symptoms of phosphorus deficiency result from a deficiency of

A

ATP
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
Rhabdomyolysis

225
Q

Impairs cellular energy resources

A

ATP deficiency

226
Q

Impairs oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in generalized weakness and neurologic manifestations

A

Diphosphoglycerate deficiency

227
Q

Foods high in phosphorus

A

Dairy foods
Organ Meat
Beans
Nuts
Fish
Poultry
Whole grains

228
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Calcium and phosphorus are inversely related

A

True

229
Q

Most common condition that can lead to hyperphosphatemia which diminishes urinary phosphate excretion

A

Kidney injury or renal failure

230
Q

Phosphate binders that can be used to lower blood phosphate levels

A

Calcium carbonate or calcium citrate

231
Q

Can occur with G.I. tube drainage, gastric suctioning, gastric surgery, and severe vomiting and diarrhea

A

Hypochloremia

232
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypochloremia

A

Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis

233
Q

What are lost along with chloride

A

Sodium and potassium

234
Q

What are given by IV to replace the chloride

A

0.9% or 0.45% NaCl

235
Q

And acidifying IV agent that may be prescribed to treat metabolic alkalosis and hypochloremia

A

Ammonium chloride

236
Q

Foods with high chloride 

A

Tomato juice
Bananas
Dates
Eggs
Cheese
Milk
Salty broth
Canned vegetables
Processed meat

237
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperchloremia

A

Hypervolemia
Hypernatremia
Metabolic acidosis

238
Q

And IV solution that may be given to restore balance in chloride

A

Hypotonic solution

239
Q

An indicator of hydrogen ion concentration and measures the acidity or alkalinity of the blood

A

Plasma pH

240
Q

Prevent major changes in the pH of body fluids by removing or releasing hydrogen

They can act quickly to prevent excessive changes in hydrogen concentration

A

Buffer System

241
Q

The body’s major extracellular buffer system

A

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid

242
Q

It is a potential acid

When dissolved in water, it becomes carbonic acid

A

CO2

243
Q

What organ is under the control of medulla

A

Lungs

244
Q

The substances that yield hydrogen

A

Acid

245
Q

When hydrogen interacts with water

A

Protons

246
Q

Centrifuge tube
Naay gel
Naay potassium

A

Yellow

247
Q

Not a centrifuge type
Walay gel
Walay potassium

A

Red

248
Q

The one that would accept hydrogen

A

Base

249
Q

4 integral elements of acids and bases

A

HCl
Carbonic acid
PCO2
Bicarbonate 

250
Q

Associated with preventing doing everything right
Maintains balance of PCO2 and HCO3

A

Buffer system

251
Q

What are the three buffer systems


A

Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Bone buffer

252
Q

Tenacious to nature

Responsible for 80% in intracellular system; plasma and bicarbonate

A

Bicarbonate buffer

253
Q

Buffer means

A

Mediator 

254
Q

What percent accounts to protein buffer

A

75%

255
Q

Has a role in intracellular buffering

One present in tubular

Enables to excrete hydrogen

A

Phosphate buffer


256
Q

Without phosphate buffer urine would be

A

Acidic

257
Q

40% in acid and base environment

For chronic loading cell use for loading system for interstitial compartment

A

Bone buffer

258
Q

What is the master gland responsible for PCO2

A

Medulla oblongata

259
Q

Two types of buffer system

A

Lungs
Kidneys

260
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Hyperventilation
Alkalosis

261
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Hypoventilation
Acidosis

262
Q

Common factor of respiratory acidosis

A

Respiratory failure

263
Q

Result in hypoventilation thus naay hypercapnia

A

Acidotic

264
Q

Management of care for respiratory acidosis

A

Identify predisposing factor
Assess airway and ABG
Chest physiotherapist
ET tube attached to mechanical ventilation
Supplemental oxygen
Antibiotics

265
Q

Nursing care plan for respiratory acidosis

A

Impaired gas exchange

266
Q

Airway management position

A

Semi Fowler position
Side lying position

267
Q

Position best for collapsed lung

A

Side lying position

268
Q

The most common cause of respiratory alkalosis

A

Anxiety

269
Q

More crucial because it revamps in just minutes (10 minutes)

A

Respiratory alkalosis

270
Q

What would you do if patient has memory loss

A

Notify the physician

271
Q

Respiratory alkalosis nursing care plan

A

Ineffective breathing pattern


272
Q

What would you do if ST is depressed

A

Notify the physician

273
Q

A sedative medication for respiratory alkalosis

A

Benzodiazepine

274
Q

A nonchalant problem
Silent but disorganized problem
Escalation of Ketones and excess of hydrogen

A

Metabolic acidosis

275
Q

Identifier of metabolic acidosis or the common cause

A

Renal failure

276
Q

Metabolic acidosis nursing care plan

A

Decreased cardiac output

277
Q

Common cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

G.I. suctioning

278
Q

Buzzing or deafening
There is excess sodium bicarbonate

A

Metabolic alkalosis

279
Q

Fecal test that determine GI bleeding

A

Occult test

280
Q

Conventional treatment for metabolic alkalosis

A

K supplement

281
Q

Isotonic therapy for metabolic alkalosis

A

KCl

282
Q

Indication for congestive heart failure 

A

Acetazolamide

MedSurg (5 decks)

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