Unit four essential vocab

Question 2

What is the African Union?

Answer 2

A continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.

Established in 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched in Durban, South Africa in 2002.

Question 3

Define Antecedent Boundary.

Answer 3

A boundary that was drawn before the present-day cultural landscape emerged.

These boundaries often reflect physical features such as rivers or mountains.

Question 4

What is the Arctic Council?

Answer 4

An intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination, and interaction among the Arctic states.

Established in 1996, it includes eight member states with territory in the Arctic.

Question 5

What does ASEAN stand for?

Answer 5

Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Founded in 1967 to promote political and economic cooperation and regional stability.

Question 6

Define Autonomous Region.

Answer 6

A region that has a degree of autonomy, or self-governance, from the central government.

Often has its own local government and laws while still being part of a larger state.

Question 7

What was the Berlin Conference?

Answer 7

A meeting held in 1884-85 where European powers agreed on the colonization and trade in Africa.

It led to the partitioning of Africa among European nations.

Question 8

What is a Boundary?

Answer 8

A line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.

Can be physical or political, influencing governance and territorial claims.

Question 9

Define Choke Points.

Answer 9

Strategic narrow passages or routes that can be easily controlled or blocked.

Important for trade and military movements, examples include the Strait of Hormuz and the Panama Canal.

Question 10

What is Colonialism?

Answer 10

A practice of domination involving the subjugation of one people to another.

Question 11

What is a Consequent Boundary?

Answer 11

A boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing differences among groups.

Question 12

Define a Defined Boundary.

Answer 12

A boundary that is established by a legal document or treaty.

Question 13

What is a Delimited Boundary?

Answer 13

A boundary that is drawn on a map.

Question 14

What is a Demarcated Boundary?

Answer 14

A boundary marked by physical objects such as fences or walls.

Question 15

What does Democratization refer to?

Answer 15

The transition to a more democratic political regime.

Question 16

What is Devolution?

Answer 16

The transfer of power from a central government to local or regional authorities.

Question 17

What is Ethnic Cleansing?

Answer 17

The forced removal of an ethnic group from a territory.

Question 18

Define Ethnonationalism.

Answer 18

A form of nationalism where the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity.

Question 19

What is the European Union?

Answer 19

A political and economic union of member states located primarily in Europe.

Question 20

What is an Exclusive Economic Zone?

Answer 20

A sea zone over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources.

Question 21

What are Federal States?

Answer 21

States that have a division of powers between a central government and regional authorities.

Question 22

What is the term for a boundary defined by geometric shapes?

Answer 22

Geometric Boundary

Geometric boundaries are often used in political geography to define territories based on specific shapes rather than natural features.

Question 23

What is gerrymandering?

Answer 23

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party

Gerrymandering can distort representation and is often criticized for undermining democratic principles.

Question 24

Define imperialism.

Answer 24

A policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence over other nations or territories

Imperialism often involves economic, military, or cultural dominance.

Question 25

What does independence refer to in a political context?

Answer 25

The state of being free from control by another country or government ## Footnote Independence is often achieved through revolutions, wars, or negotiations.

Question 26

What are movements in a political context?

Answer 26

Organized efforts to promote or resist change in society or government policies ## Footnote Movements can be social, political, or cultural in nature.

Question 27

What are international waters?

Answer 27

Areas of the ocean that are not owned by any country and are free for navigation and fishing ## Footnote International waters are typically beyond a country's territorial sea, which extends 12 nautical miles from its coast.

Question 28

Define irredentism.

Answer 28

A political principle that advocates for the restoration of territory believed to be historically or ethnically related to a nation ## Footnote Irredentism often leads to conflicts over borders.

Question 29

What is a multinational state?

Answer 29

A state that contains two or more distinct nationalities or ethnic groups ## Footnote Multinational states often face challenges related to governance and representation.

Question 30

What is a multi-state nation?

Answer 30

A nation that spans across multiple states or countries ## Footnote An example of a multi-state nation is the Kurdish people, who live in parts of Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran.

Question 31

Define nation.

Answer 31

A group of people who share a common identity, culture, language, or history ## Footnote Nations often seek self-determination and may aspire to form their own state.

Question 32

What does NATO stand for?

Answer 32

North Atlantic Treaty Organization ## Footnote NATO is a military alliance established for mutual defense among member countries.

Question 33

Define Nation-State

Answer 33

A political entity characterized by a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. ## Footnote Nation-states often emphasize national identity and sovereignty.

Question 34

What is Neocolonialism?

Answer 34

The practice of using economic, political, or cultural pressures to control or influence other countries, often former colonies. ## Footnote Neocolonialism differs from traditional colonialism by not involving direct territorial control.

Question 35

What is Redistricting?

Answer 35

The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries to reflect population changes or political considerations. ## Footnote Redistricting can impact electoral outcomes and representation.

Question 36

Define Relic Boundary

Answer 36

A boundary that no longer functions but can still be recognized in the cultural landscape. ## Footnote Relic boundaries often reflect historical divisions.

Question 37

What is Self-Determination?

Answer 37

The right of a people to determine their own political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development. ## Footnote Self-determination is a key principle in international law.

Question 38

What is a Semi-Autonomous Region?

Answer 38

A region that has some degree of independence from the central government but is not fully sovereign. ## Footnote Examples include Hong Kong and Greenland.

Question 39

Define Shatterbelt

Answer 39

A region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, often resulting in fragmentation and conflict. ## Footnote Shatterbelts are often characterized by instability.

Question 40

What is a Subsequent Boundary?

Answer 40

A boundary that is established after the settlement of an area and reflects the cultural landscape. ## Footnote Subsequent boundaries can adapt to changes in cultural or political circumstances.

Question 41

Define Superimposed Boundary

Answer 41

A boundary that has been imposed on the landscape by an outside force, often without regard for existing cultural or ethnic divisions. ## Footnote Superimposed boundaries can lead to conflict and tension.

Question 42

What is Supranationalism?

Answer 42

The process of extending authority beyond national boundaries, where multiple countries yield some degree of sovereignty to a higher authority. ## Footnote Examples include the European Union and the United Nations.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a political entity characterized by a defined territory and a permanent population.

Answer 43

[State]

Question 44

What is a Stateless Nation?

Answer 44

A group of people without a sovereign state or defined territory, often sharing a common identity or culture. ## Footnote Examples include the Kurds and Palestinians.

Question 45

Territoriality

Answer 45

Connection of people, culture, andeconomic system to the land

Question 46

Territorial seas

Answer 46

A belt of coastal waters, extending at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of the coastline Marine time and air space zones

Question 47

Unitary states

Answer 47

Estate were laws are administered uniformly by one central government United Kingdom

Question 48

United Nations

Answer 48

Highly Centuri, top down government. Capital city serve as a focus of power. Tokyo Japan

Question 49

United Nations convention on laws of the seas

Answer 49

Lays down a comprehensive regime of laws and orders in the worlds, oceans and seas

Question 50

Voting districts

Answer 50

Geographical areas which is represented by a seat or numerous seats in a legislative body, such as parliament or Congress