Unit I

Question 1

divisions of the nervous system (structural)

Answer 1

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 2

central nervous system includes

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

peripheral nervous sytem includes

Answer 3

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 4

how many cranial nerves are there

Answer 4

12 pairs, that attach directly to the brain

Question 5

cranial nerves contain two nuclei

Answer 5

nucleus of origin and nucleus of termination

Question 6

how many spinal nerves are there

Answer 6

31 pairs (mixed)

Question 7

how are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord

Answer 7

via ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets

Question 8

what does the dorsal root contain

Answer 8

dorsal root ganglion

Question 9

what does each spinal nerve split into

Answer 9

a ventral (anterior) primary ramus and dorsal (posterior) primary ramus

Question 10

subdivisions of the nervous system (functional)

Answer 10

somatic and visceral (autonomic)

Question 11

somatic consists of what fibers

Answer 11

afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers

Question 12

what neurotransmitter is released in somatic

Answer 12

Ach by skeletal muscle

Question 13

what does autonomic consist of

Answer 13

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 14

what does visceral (autonomic) control

Answer 14

vital body functions; glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Question 15

what does sympathetic supply

Answer 15

heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels and arrector pili

Question 16

how many neurons does sympathetic use

Answer 16

two

Question 17

describe the sympathetic neurons

Answer 17

short preganglionic; releases Ach

long postganglionic; releases NE

Question 18

what cord levels is sympathetic part of

Answer 18

T1 & L2/L3

Question 19

what is sympathetic described as

Answer 19

fight or flight; emergency

Question 20

what nerves are associated with sympathetic

Answer 20

splanchnic nerves (sacral)

Question 21

what does the parasympathetic supply

Answer 21

heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, fewer blood vessels, and arrector pili

Question 22

how many neurons does the parasympathetic use

Answer 22

two

Question 23

describe the parasympathetic neurons

Answer 23

long preganglionic; release Ach

short postganglionic; release Ach

Question 24

what nerves are associated with parasympathetic

Answer 24

C. N. (3, 7, 9, 10) & S2-S4
splanchnic nerves (pelvic)

Question 25

what is parasympathetic defined as

Answer 25

return to normalcy

Question 26

what is the first cranial nerve

Answer 26

olfactory

Question 27

is olfactory sensory or motor

Answer 27

special sensory - smell

Question 28

where do fibers travel through in olfactory nerve

Answer 28

cribiform plate

Question 29

where do olfactory fibers synapse

Answer 29

olfactory bulb

Question 30

what are olfactory neurons called

Answer 30

bipolar neurons

Question 31

what is the second cranial nerve

Answer 31

optic

Question 32

is optic sensory or motor

Answer 32

special sensory - vision

Question 33

where do fibers from the retina converge

Answer 33

optic disc

Question 34

where do fibers travel in optic

Answer 34

carried in the optic nerve, chiasma, and tract

Question 35

where do fibers travel to in optic

Answer 35

lateral geniculate bodies

Question 36

what is the third cranial nerve

Answer 36

oculomotor

Question 37

is oculomotor motor or sensory

Answer 37

motor; somatic and parasympathetic

Question 38

what does oculomotor supply

Answer 38

5 somatic muscles and 2 visceral (smooth) muscles

Question 39

what two smooth muscles does oculomotor supply

Answer 39

ciliary and sphincter papillae

Question 40

fourth cranial nerve

Answer 40

trochlear

Question 41

is trochlear sensory or motor

Answer 41

somatic motor

Question 42

what does trochlear supply

Answer 42

superior oblique

Question 43

superior oblique action

Answer 43

down and out (abduct)

Question 44

fifth cranial nerve

Answer 44

trigeminal

Question 45

Is the trigeminal nerve sensory or motor?

Answer 45

mixed; somatic motor and sensory

Question 46

What is the nickname for the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 46

great sensory nerve of the face

Question 47

What does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Answer 47

orbit, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, ear, and internal skull

Question 48

What branches does the trigeminal nerve give off?

Answer 48

opthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary

Question 49

What unique quality is the trigeminal known for?

Answer 49

being the largest cranial nerve

Question 50

What does the trigeminal nerve send motor supply to?

Answer 50

muscles of mastication

Question 51

What is the sixth cranial nerve?

Answer 51

abducens

Question 52

Is the the abducens nerve motor or sensory?

Answer 52

somatic motor

Question 53

What muscle does the abducens nerve innervate?

Answer 53

lateral rectus

Question 54

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

Answer 54

move eye laterally

Question 55

What is the seventh cranial nerve?

Answer 55

facial nerve

Question 56

Is the facial nerve sensory or motor?

Answer 56

mixed; motor - somatic and parasympathetic & sensory - somatic and special

Question 57

What is the nickname for the facial nerve?

Answer 57

nerve of facial expression

Question 58

What does the facial nerve carry?

Answer 58

taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 59

What muscles does the facial nerve supply?

Answer 59

muscles of facial expression including stylohyoid and stapedius

Question 60

What glands are part of the facial nerve?

Answer 60

lacrimal and salivary glands

Question 61

What is the eighth cranial nerve?

Answer 61

vestibulocochlear

Question 62

Is the vestibulocochlear nerve sensory or motor?

Answer 62

special sensory - hearing and equilibrium

Question 63

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve receive sensory information from?

Answer 63

cochlea and vestibule

Question 64

What is the ninth cranial nerve?

Answer 64

glossopharyngeal

Question 65

Is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory or motor?

Answer 65

mixed; motor - branchiomotor and parasympathetic & sensory - somatic, special and visceral

Question 66

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve carry?

Answer 66

taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 67

What is the motor supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 67

to the stylopharyngeus

Question 68

What is the parasympathetic supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 68

to the parotid gland

Question 69

What is the tenth cranial nerve?

Answer 69

vagus

Question 70

What is the nickname of the vagus nerve?

Answer 70

the wanderer

Question 71

Is the vagus nerve motor or sensory?

Answer 71

mixed; motor - branchiomotor and parasympathetic & sensory - somatic, special and visceral

Question 72

What is the unique quality of the vagus nerve?

Answer 72

longest cranial nerve

Question 73

What is the motor supply of the vagus nerve?

Answer 73

pharyngeal constrictors

Question 74

What is the parasympathetic supply of the vagus nerve?

Answer 74

bronchi, heart, and GI tract from esophagus to distal 1/3 of the transverse colon

Question 75

What is the eleventh cranial nerve?

Answer 75

spinal accessory

Question 76

Is the spinal accessory motor or sensory?

Answer 76

motor

Question 77

What does the spinal accessory nerve contain?

Answer 77

cranial and spinal parts

Question 78

What does the spinal accessory nerve supply?

Answer 78

cranial part - muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and palate | spinal part - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 79

What is the twelfth cranial nerve?

Answer 79

hypoglossal

Question 80

Is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory?

Answer 80

motor

Question 81

What does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

Answer 81

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Question 82

What are the two types of neurons in the somatic motor pathway?

Answer 82

upper and lower motor neurons

Question 83

Where are the cell bodies of the upper motor neurons located?

Answer 83

pyramidal - cerebral cortex (B.A. 4,6,8) | extrapyramidal - brainstem (red nucleus, lateral vestibuli)

Question 84

What do upper motor neurons descend through?

Answer 84

corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri

Question 85

Where do upper motor neurons cross?

Answer 85

in the pyramids

Question 86

Where do upper motor neurons descend after crossing?

Answer 86

in the lateral corticospinal tract

Question 87

Where do upper motor neurons synapse?

Answer 87

the anterior horn (R.L. VII) of the gray matter

Question 88

What do pyramidal neurons do?

Answer 88

initiate movement

Question 89

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located?

Answer 89

in anterior horn of the corn (R.L. IX)

Question 90

Where do lower motor neurons exit the cord?

Answer 90

anterior (ventral) rootlets

Question 91

Where are lower motor neurons carried?

Answer 91

in named nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscles

Question 92

How many neurons does the somatic sensory pathway use?

Answer 92

three

Question 93

Where are primary sensory neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 93

in the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

Question 94

Where do primary sensory neuron cell bodies convey information?

Answer 94

from a receptor to the CNS

Question 95

Where do primary sensory neurons synapse?

Answer 95

in the spinal cord; fibers in the posterior columns synapse in the MO

Question 96

Which somatic sensory neuron decussates?

Answer 96

secondary

Question 97

Where do secondary somatic sensory neurons convey information to?

Answer 97

the thalamus

Question 98

Where do tertiary sensory neurons relay information to?

Answer 98

cerebral cortex (post central gyrus)

Question 99

Where is sensory information integrated?

Answer 99

in the cerebral cortex (post central gyrus, primarily)